Finance

USA

• [1789-1797] President George Washington (VA)

• [1797-1801] President John Adams (MA)

• 1790 – Philadelphia stock exchange

• 1792 - US Mint  

• 1792 - Congress passed the first coinage act where gold (24.75 grains) and silver coins were minted

• American Presidents

• Continental America - 18th century

• 18th century – Industrial mass production of jewelry

• 1800 - Making steel

• 1801-1803 - Railway Locomotive - Steam Road Carriage

• [1801-1809] President Thomas Jefferson (VA)

• [1803] Louisiana Purchase from France

• [1804] Lewis and Clark Expedition 

• [1810] Third Census – 7,239,814 people

• [1809-1817] President James Madison (VA)

• 1816 – Britain Gold Standard

• 1817 – New York stock exchange

• [1817-1825] President James Monroe (VA)

• [1825-1829] President John Quincy Adams (VA)

• [1829-1837] President Andrew Jackson (SC)

• 1830 - $1.5 millions in bonds

• On January 8, 1835, President Andrew Jackson achieves his goal of entirely paying off the United States' national debt. 

• [1837-1841] President Martin Van Buren (NY)

• [1841] President William Henry Harrison (VA)

• [1841-1845] President John Tyler (NC)

• 1842 – New York curb exchange (later known as American Stock Exchange)

• [1845-1849] President James Polk (VA)

• [1845] Texas: American Legends: Wild West

• [1849-1850] President Zachary Taylor (KY)

• 1849 - Discovery of gold in California 

• 1850 – South America large producers of gold 

• 1850 - Mexico large producers of gold 

• [1850]  California: American Legends: The Gold Rush: Immigration Wave

• [1850-1853] President Millard Fillmore (NY)

• Railroads

• 1850s Cornelius Vanderbilt  had turned his attention to railroads, buying up so much stock in the New York and Harlem Railroad that by 1863 he owned the line. He later acquired the Hudson River Railroad and the New York Central Railroad and consolidated them in 1869.

• 1851 - Australia gold rush

• [1853-1857] President Franklin Pierce (NH)

• [1857-1861] President James Buchanan (PA)

• 1859 – Comstock Lode – Sierra, Nevada

• 1860 – Rocky Mountains

• [1861-1869] President Abraham Lincoln (KY)

• 1861-1865 - The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought between the Union and the Confederacy. The central cause of the war was the status of slavery, especially the expansion of slavery into territories acquired as a result of the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican–American War.

• [1863] Emancipation Proclamation

• 1863 -  National Bank Act authorized banks could issue bank notes backed by government bonds

• [1865] Continental America: Union of North and South States (End of Civil War)

• [1867] Alaska sold to US by Russia for $7.2 million

• [1869-1877] President Andrew Johnson (NC)

• 1870 - John Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. He ran it until 1897, and remained its largest shareholder. Rockefeller's wealth soared as kerosene and gasoline grew in importance, and he became the richest person in the country, controlling 90% of all oil in the United States at his peak.

• 1870s - Andrew Carnegie entered the steel business, and over the next two decades became a dominant force in the industry. In 1901, he sold the Carnegie Steel Company to banker John Pierpont Morgan for $480 million.

• 1873 – US Gold Standard

• 1876 - Centennial (100 years) 

• 1876 - AT&T - Following Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876

• [1877-1881] President Ulysses Grant (OH)

• 1877 - Phonograph - Thomas Edison

• 1879 - Light Bulb - Thomas Edison

• [1881] Rutherford Hayes (OH)

• [1881-1885] President James Garfield (OH)

• [1881-1885] President Chester Alan Arthur (VT)

• [1885-89] Stephen Grover Cleveland (NJ)

• [1885] Washington Monument

• [1885] The Statue of Liberty arrived at its permanent home on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor on June 19, 1885, as a gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States

• 1885 - AT&T was incorporated in 1885 as a subsidiary of Bell, to build and operate the first long-distance telephone

• 1886 – South Africa Gold Rush

• 1888 - National Geographic

• [1889-1893] President Benjamin Harrison (OH)

• 1892 - JP Morgan merger of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston Company to form General Electric in 1892

• [1897-1901] President William McKinley (OH)

• [1889 - 1890] Six states were added: North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming

• 1890 - Inventor Herman Hollerith would eventually go on to establish a company that would become IBM

• 1896 – Canada Gold Rush

• United States of America - 19th century

• 19th century – Industrial mass production of jewelry, Gold can be commonly found in jewelry stores for wedding rings

• 19th century – Appalachian and Rocky Mountains

• 1900 – Gold Standard – affirmed the gold dollar as the standard unit of value

• 1900 - Radio - Guglielmo Marconi

• [1901-1909] President Theodore Roosevelt (NY)

• 1901 - Transatlantic radio message - Guglielmo Marconi

• [1904] Summer Olympics: St Louis, MO

• [1906] President Theodore Roosevelt – Nobel Peace Prize

• 1908 - Henry Ford introduced the Model T

• 1908 - William Durant founded General Motors

• [1909-1913] President William Taft (OH)

• [1910] The United States of America – Alaska are added - Immigration Wave

• 1911 – Alaska Klondike and Yukon

•  [1912] Utah, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona in the contiguous United States, all of which had joined the Union

• [1913-1921] Woodrow Wilson - Nobel Peace Prize

• 1913 - Federal Reserve Act

• 1914 - The Panama Canal symbolized U.S. technological prowess and economic power built by Theodore Rooselvelt

• 1914 - Federal Reserve System

• 1920 - US banks gave gold to citizens

• [1921-1923] President Warren Harding (OH)

• [1923-1929] President Calvin Coolidge (VT)

• 1924 – First mutual fund – Massachusetts Investor Trust

• 1927 - Mount Rushmore National Memorial is centered on a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmorein the Black Hills in Keystone, South Dakota, United States.

• [1929-1933] President Herbert Hoover (IA)

• 1931-1935 - Hoover Dam built by President Herbert Hoover

• [1933-1945] President Franklin Roosevelt (NY)

• 1933 - Banking Act - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

• 1933 - Federal Securities Act

• 1933 – Gold Bullion Standard, gold coins circulated in the US

• 1933 – (Best Year) Small Company stocks – 142.9%, Large company stocks (54%)

• 1934 – Gold Reserve Act

• 1934 - Silver Purchase Act

• 1934 – Securities Exchange Commission 

• 1934 - US banks gave gold to US Treasury at Fort Knox

• 1935 - Banking Act of 1935 - centralized power in a Board of Governors, appointed by the president

• 1935 – Gold $35 per ounce

• [1945-1953] President Harry Truman (MO)

• 1947 – WWII - Establishment of IMF, gold exchange standard, change currencies to gold via us dollar, headquarters in DC

• 1949 - [NATO] The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada, and several Western European nations to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. NATO was the first peacetime military alliance the United States entered into outside of the Western Hemisphere.

• 1949 - Bar code - Barndard Silver and Norman Woodland

• 1950 - Credit Cards

• [1953-1961] President Dwight Eisenhower (TX)

• 1953 – American Stock Exchange

• 1956 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed legislation funding the construction of the U.S. Interstate Highway System (IHS)

• 1958 - 1963 - Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963.

• [1960] Martin Luther King Jr.: 1963 Speech

• Civil Rights where the integration of schools provided equal rights for all 

• [1960] United Nation's Day: Making of NATO and the UN: International Awareness – The victory and ending of WWII.

• [1961-1963] John Fitzgerald Kennedy (MA)

• 1961 - Project Gemini was NASA's second human spaceflight program. Conducted between projects Mercury and Apollo, Gemini started in 1961 and concluded in 1966. 

• 1966 – Alaska gold - $250 million in gold

• 1968 - The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which succeeded in preparing and landing the first humans on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.

• [1969-1974] President Richard Nixon (CA)

• 1969 - Developers at Bell Labs unveil UNIX

• [1969] Space Age: The first person on the Moon was an American. 

• [1969] America space flight to the Moon

• 1970 - The global gross domestic product (GDP) in 1970 was $3.4 trillion.

• 1972 – Gold $48 per ounce

• 1974 – Allow private ownership of gold

• [1976]  Bicentennial (200 years): American State Charter

• [1977-1981] President James Carter (GA)

• [1981-1989] President Ronald Reagan (IL)

• 1980 - Federal Reserve redefined money supply: M1, M2, M3, L

• 1980 – Bull market, inflation averaged 14%

• 1980 – Cd’s offered double digit returns 11%

• 1980 - Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act - reserve requirement on all depository institutions

• 1980 - In 1980, the global domestic product (GDP) was $10 trillion.

• 1981 - October 23, 1981, America's national debt crossed the $1 trillion mark.

• 1987 - IBM - OS 2 Warp Operating System

• 1989 - Tim Berners Lee - World Wide Web 

• 1990 - The US national debt at the end of the fiscal year in 1990 was $3,233 billion.

• 1990 - The global gross domestic product (GDP) in 1990 was $22.935 trillion.

• 1990 - HTML - Tim Berners Lee 

• 1990 - Hubble Telescope

• [1990] Immigration Wave

• 1990 – Technology stocks boom

• 1991 - Tim Berners Lee - First Web browser 

• 1991 - Linux operating system - Linux Torvalds (Finland)

• [1993-2000] President William Clinton (AR)

• 1993 - Mosaic - First web browser 

• 1994 - Netscape Navigator 

• 1994 - Amazon, Yahoo

• 1994 - Sony PlayStation 

• 1995 - eBay

• 1995 - Windows 95

• 1995 - Internet explorer

• 1995 - Yahoo - Jerry Yang and David Filo in January (1994)

• 1995 - USB 1.0

• 1995 - Java Programming Language 

• [1996] Atlanta Olympics - Bicentennial Park

• 1996 - US Stock, Bonds, Money Market funds had combined assets of $3 trillion

• 1998 - The International Space Station is an international effort bringing people from different countries together. Its main construction was completed between 1998 and 2011

• 1998 - Windows 98

• 1998 - Google

• 1999 - WiFi, Bluetooth

• 1999 – South Africa – 449 metric tons gold

• 1999 – US – 341 metric tons gold

• 2000 - Windows NT - new technologies 

• 2000 - Microsoft splits into 5 departments

• 2000 - Windows 2000

• 2000 - USB 2.0

• [2000] - Summer Olympics: Sydney, Australia 

• 2000 – Total value of US stocks peaked at $14.75 trillion

• [2000-2008] President George Bush (CT)

• 2000 - The national debt of the United States at the end of the 2000 fiscal year was $5,674 billion.

• 2000 - The global GDP in 2000 was $33.898 trillion.

• 2001 - Mars Oydssey

• 2001 - Apple introduced Unix like system for Mac OS X, Apple introduced iPod

• 2001 - Wikipedia

• 2001 - Microsoft Xbox

• 2002 - The total number of personal computers, both desktop and laptop reach 1 billion

• 2002 - 3G Network

• [2002] Jimmy Carter wins Nobel Peace Prize

• [2002] Winter Olympics: Salt Lake City, Utah

• 2003 - Mars express

• 2003 - Windows XP

• 2003 - Microsoft Office / Microsoft Works

• 2003 - Google - Gmail

• 2003 - Apple iTunes

• [2003] President Bush: Bush Tax Cuts, Overhaul Medicare, Prescription Drug Benefit

• 2004 - Mars rover Spirit and Curiosity

• 2005 - Windows Vista

• 2005 - Apple used IBM Power PC chips

• 2005 - YouTube

• 2006 - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

• 2006 - Apple began using Intel chips

• [2006] - Winter Olympics: Turin, Italy

• [2006] US Mexico Border – 700 mile fence

• 2007 - Apple introduced the iPhone 

• 2007 - Amazon releases kindle

• 2007 - Apple iPhone, Amazon Prime

• [2007] Stimulus / Recession

• 2007 – Shale oil boom

• [2008-2016] President Barack Obama– 1st African American President

• 2008 - Google Android Phones

• [2008 - Summer Olympics: Beijing, China 

• 2008 - Sirius XM Radio

• [2009] President Barack Obama – Nobel Peace Prize

• 2009 - Bing, Bitcoin

• 2009 - 4G Networks

• [2009] -  Digitization (Digital Switch from Analog to Digital)

• 2010 - The national debt of the United States was over $12 trillion.

• 2010 - The global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2010 was $64.884 trillion

• 2010 - Windows 7

• [2010] Winter Olympics: Vancouver, Canada

• 2011 - Google chrome book 

• 2011 - Lifi invented

• [2012] Summer Olympics: London, England

• 2012 - Mars rover Curiosity

• 2012 - Windows 8 operating system

• 2012 - Microsoft App Store

• 2013 - Smartwatches

• [2014] - Winter Olympics: Sochi, Russia

• 2014 - Amazon Echo

• 2014 - Apple Pay

• 2014 - IBM Summit

• 2014 - USB C

• 2015 - IPv6

• 2015 - Windows 10

• [2016] - Summer Olympics: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

• [2016-2020] President Donald Trump

• 2018 - 2019 - 5G Networks

• 2018 - Apple reaches $1 trillion dollars

• 2019 - SpaceX Starlink

• 2019 - Microsoft reaches $1 trillion dollars

• [2020-2024] - President Joe Biden

• 2020 - The global gross domestic product (GDP) was $85.26 trillion

• 2020 - American Rescue Plan

• 2020 - Apple reaches $2 trillion dollars

• 2020 - Alphabet reaches $1 trillion dollars

• 2020 - Amazon reaches $1 trillion dollars

• The US national debt at the end of the fiscal year 2020 was $26,945 billion.

• 2021 - Microsoft reaches $2 trillion dollars

• 2021 - Facebook reaches $1 trillion dollars

• 2021 - Tesla reaches $1 trillion dollars

• 2021 - Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, Space X space launches, James Web Telescope

• 2021 - Infrastructure Bill

• 2021 - Ocean cleanup pulled 63,000 pounds of trash from the Great Pacific Garbage patch 

• 2022 - Human genome decode complete

• 2022 - The global GDP amounted to over 100 trillion U.S. dollars.

• 2024 - The federal government currently has $35.27 trillion in federal debt. 

• 2024 - Nvidia reaches $3 trillion

• 2024 - TSMC reaches $1 trillion

• 2024 - Berkshire Hathaway reaches $1 trillion

• 2024 - Total estimated charitable giving in the U.S. reached $557.16 billion in 2024.

• 2024 - US Stock Market cap $52.6 Trillion

• 2024 - US Bond Market cap $51.3 Trillion

• 2024 - G7 Total $45.916 trillion 

• 2024 - BRICS Total $30.767 trillion 

• 2024 - World Stock Market $109 Trillion 

• 2024 - World Bond Market totaled $133 trillion.

• 2024 - Worldwide net private wealth stood at $454.4 trillion in 2022. The highest wealth rung controls $208.3 trillion in wealth, or 45.8% of the global total.

• 2024 - Broadcom reaches $1 trillion

• 2024 - Vanguard reaches 10 trillion

• [2024-2028] - President Donald Trump

• 2025 - Charles Schwabb reaches $10 trillion

• 2025 - Elon Musk's Starbase in Texas will officially become a city.  SpaceX reaches $350 billion dollars valuation.

• 2025 - Nvidia reaches $4 trillion

• 2025 - Microsoft reaches $4 trillion

• 2025 - Apple reaches $4 trillion

• 2025 - Nvidia reaches $5 trillion

• 2025 - Google reaches $3 trillion

• 2025 - World GDP $124 trillion

• 2025 - US household wealth $190.1 trillion

• 2025 - Global wealth $600 trillion

• 2025 - US gold reserves reach $1 trillion  

• 2025 - Eli Lily reaches $1 trillion

• 2026 - America 250 years

• 2026 - Walmart reaches $1 trillion

• 2026 - Samsung reaches $1 trillion