Perspectives History

Historical Perspectives Report - Historical Timeline.

9,000 Middle Stone Age

6,000 New Stone Age

5,000 (BC) - Beginning of Athapaskan migration (Americas)

5,000 years ago (BC) - China - There were Neolithic village settlements in several regions of China

5,000 years ago (BC) - Woven cloth (Mesopotamia and Egypt)

5,000 years ago (BC) - Copper working (Yugoslavia).

4,500 years ago (BC) - China - Long Shang culture in China

4,000 years ago (BC) - Greenland - High Arctic (Human Migration)

Fertile Crescent (Eden - Haran) -- 'crossroads', a city in northern Mesopotamia

Genesis (4000 +- 2166 BC)

4,000 (BC) Adam and Eve (Eden was a town on the Euphrates)

Cain, Abel, Seth

Enosh, Kenan, Jared, Mahelel, Enoch

Methuselah, Lamech

Inventions and Discoveries

3,500 years ago (BC) - Wheeled vehicles (Sumeria and Syria)

3,500 years ago (BC) - Potter’s Wheel (Middle East)

3,500 years ago (BC) - Gold mining (Mesopotamia and Africa)

3,500 years ago (BC) - Sundials (Middle East)

3,150 years ago (BC) - Irrigation (China and Egypt)

3,000 years ago (BC) - Ox drawn plow (Egypt)

Mesopotamia Civilization

3400 BC - The first written language that we know of was archaic cuneiform. It is believed to have appeared around 3400 BC

3,000 Bronze Age

3000 (BC) - Inupiat and Aleut migrations (America)

3000 years ago (BC) - Mesopotamia - Sumerians settle southern Mesopotamia - Tigris and Euphrates

2331 years ago (BC) – Sargon, Semitic chieftain conquers Sumer

2100 – Ziggurats built in Mesopotamia, ethyl alcohol discovered to alleviate pain

3rd millennia BC – Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian Civilizations

2nd millennia BC - Minoan Civilizations

Inventions and Discoveries

2780 years ago (BC) - Wheeled vehicles (Sumeria and Syria)

2700 years ago (BC) - Great pyramid of Cheops (Cheops)

2640 years ago (BC) - Silk production (China)

2500 years ago (BC) - Kite (China)

2500 years ago (BC) - Cotton production (China, India)

Japheth (Crete - Javan), Shem (Greece - Lud), Ham (West of Goshen and Sinai - Put) 

Noah, Lapheth, Shem Ham (Before 3000 BC)

[Japheth][Ham][Shem] [Japhethites, Hamites, Semites] [Nephilim - Heroes of Old]

[Arphaxad] [Shem]

[Shelah] [Shem]

[Eber] [Shem] 

[Peleg] [Shem]

[Reu] [Shem] 

[Serug] [Shem]

[Nahor] [Shem]

Canaan (Haran-Canaan) 261 Years - 2166-1885(BC)

[9 gen] [Terah] [Abraham] 

[Abraham - Ur] 

Ur: Ur of Chaldees , City of Mesopotamia

[Job - Uz] 

Uz: Adjacent to Midian

Historical Perspective - History (2000-1000 BC)

2205 -1570 years ago (BC) - Xia dynasty (Chinese Civilization)

2166-1885(BC) - Canaan (Haran-Canaan) 261 Years

2000 years ago (BC) - Abraham, Sarah Grouping

2000-1500 years ago (BC) - Jacob - 12 Tribes 

1900 (BC) – Egyptians use irrigation to control floods

1885-1804 (BC) - Canaan-Egypt 81 Years

1700 (BC) – Egyptian papyrus documents describes medical and surgical procedures

1570 - 1045 years ago (BC) - Shang Dynasty (Chinese Civilization)

1552-1070 years ago (BC) – Akenaten and Nefertiti

1504 years ago (BC) - Pharaoh Thutmose II

1500 years ago (BC) – Sundials

1500 years ago (BC) - Madagascar (Human Migration) - Africa

1450 years ago (BC) - Moses - First Census

1445 years ago (BC) – Moses – Ten Commandments

1407 years ago (BC) - Moses, Second Census - Remember God, Principles for Godly living

1406 years ago (BC) Joshua

1400 years ago (BC) – First period of Chinese literature (Chinese Civilization)

1380 years ago (BC) – Palace of Knossos on island of Crete (Greek Civilization)

1375 years ago (BC) Judges

1370-1450 - Pharaoh Thutmose II

1379-1362 years ago (BC) – Pharaoh Akhenten (Amenophis IV)

1358 years ago (BC) – King Tutankhamen

1350 years ago (BC) - Phoenicians - 22 letter alphabet 

1320-1070 years ago (BC) – Reign of Ramessides

1379-1047 years ago (BC) – Pharaoh Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)

1300 years ago (BC) - Muscial notations (Ugarit, Syria)

Egyptian Civilization: Pharaohs - Kingdom - State Structure

Egyptian Civilization : Pyramids - 7 Wonders

1250 years ago (BC) – Silk fabrics (Chinese Civilization)

1200 years ago (BC) – First Chinese dictionary (Chinese Civilization)

1100 years ago (BC) – The Veda, sacred texts of the Hindus, are compiled

1000 (BC) - Leif Erickson sails to Newfoundland 

1045-256 years ago (BC) - Zhou Dynasty (Chinese Civilization)

7 Ancient Wonders

Statue of Colossus

Colosseum

Lighthouse of Alexandria

Temple of Artemis

Statue of Zeus

Hanging Gardens

Pyramids

Historical Perspective - History (1000-0 BC)

1050 years ago (BC) (K) Saul

1004 years ago (BC) - Rule of David - Early Kingdoms

1000 years ago (BC) – City of Peking – mathematics root multiplication, geometry, proportions, and theory of motion

(K) David – 1000 years ago (BC)

(K) Solomon – 970-928 years ago (BC)

Temple completes – 959 years ago (BC)

959 years ago (BC) - Queen of Sheba visits Solomon Temple

Solomon’s Mines, Timna Valley, Edomites

Rule of Solomon - Early Kingdoms

(S) Rehoboam - Judah – 930 years ago (BC)

(N) Jeroboam – Israel – 930 years ago (BC)

(S) Ahaziah – 841 years ago (BC)

(N) Jehu – 841 years ago (BC)

(N) Joram – 852 years ago (BC)

(S) Jehoram – 853 years ago (BC)

(N Ahaziah – 853 years ago (BC)

(N) Ahab – King of Israel – 874 years ago (BC)

(S) Jehoshaphat – King of Judah – 872 years ago (BC)

Elijah – Prophet Begins ministry 875 years ago (BC)

850 years ago (BC) – Highly developed metal and stone sculptures - Africa

Elisha – Prophet (double portion of Elijah) Begins ministry – 848 years ago (BC)

Elisha the Prophet — The Healing of Naaman (2 Kings 5:1-27)

(S) Joash – 835 years ago (BC)

(N) Jehoahaz – 814 years ago (BC)

800 years ago (BC) – Chinese astronomers understand planetary movements

[794-1185 years ago (BC)] Classical age, known as the Heian period 

Azariah – 792 years ago (BC)

Amaziah – 796 years ago (BC)

Jeroboam II – 793 years ago (BC)

Jonah – God’s message is salvation for all peoples – 793 years ago (BC)

(N) Jehoash – 798 years ago (BC)

[710-794 years ago (BC)] Nara, the first capital of Japan, which gave its name to the Nara period.

Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego

Hanging Gardens of Babylon - 7 Wonders

776 years ago (BC) – First Olympic Games held in Greece

750 years ago (BC) - Greek - Democracy, Greek States

750 years ago (BC) – Homer epics the Illiad and the Odyssey

700 years ago (BC) - First aqueduct (Sennacherib)

648 years ago (BC) – Greece have horse racing in 33rd Olympic Games

Description

620 and 564 (BC) -Aesop's Fables, or the Aesopica, is a collection of fables credited to AesopDescriptAesop's Fables, or the Aesopica, is a collection of fables credited to Aesop

Description

Aesop's Fables, or the Aesopica, is a collection of fables credited to Aesop

604 years ago (BC) – Lao-tzu birth, founder of Taoism

600 years ago (BC) – Temple of Artemis built in Ephesus (7 wonders)

600 years ago (BC) – Japan established as a nation

587-586 years ago  (BC) - Babylonians bring down Solomon’s temple

571 years ago (BC) - Prophet: Ezekiel 

Ezra, Nehemiah, Ester, Job - Governor of Judah, rebuild wall

570 years ago (BC) - Geographical and Star charts - Anaximander of Miletus 

563 years ago (BC) – Buddha, founder of Buddhism

560 years ago (BC) – Aesop's fables

551 years ago (BC) – Confucius, Chinese scholar

540 years ago (BC) – Mahavira, founder of the Jains

538 years ago (BC) - King Cyrus allows Jews to return to Jerusalem 

534 years ago (BC) – Greek tragedy a form of drama

520 years ago (BC) – Public libraries open in Athens, Greece

520 years ago (BC) - Haggai ministered to Zerubbabel

520 years ago (BC)- Zechariah ministered to Zerubbabel

520 years ago (BC) - Zerubbabel - Led the first group of Jewish exiles back to Jerusalem from Babylon

500 (BC) - Height of Mayan culture (Mexico)

495 -429 years ago (BC) - Pericles , Athenian statesman

479 BC- Greek

469 years ago (BC) – Socrates, philosopher

460 years ago (BC) – Theory of atoms

457 years ago (BC) – Golden Age in Athens

450-388 (BC) - Aristophanes dramatist

443 years ago (BC) – Athenian power rule of Pericles

438 years ago (BC) - Colossus - 7 Wonders

430-404 years ago (BC) – Pelopponesian Wars

430 years ago (BC) - Concept of the atomic structure (Democritus)

420 years ago (BC) - Malachi ministered to the priests 

400 years ago (BC) – Hippocrates – Hippocrates Oath

400 (BC) - Disease Theory - Hippocrates - Profession of Medicine

390 years ago (BC) – Aramaic begins to replace Hebrew as Jewish language

386-534 years ago (BC) - China Northern Wei dynasty 

384-322 years ago (BC) – Aristotle, Greek philosopher

371 years ago (BC) – Thebes defeats Sparta at Lecutra

370 years ago (BC) - Plato write The Republic 

300 years ago (BC) - Deductive System of Mathematics- Euclid

300 years ago (BC) - Abacus - China, Middle East

276-196 years ago (BC) – Eratosthenes measured the circumference of the earth (Current – 25,000)

260 years ago (BC) - Heliocentric theory - Aristarchus

255 years ago (BC) – Hebrew Old Testament translated into Greek and called the Septugint

250 years ago (BC) - Principles of the lever - Archimedes

221 - 206 years ago (BC) - Qin Dynasty

221 years ago (BC) - Shih Hwang- ti 

200 years ago (BC) – The Bhagavad Gita, important Hindu text

206 - 220 years ago (BC) - China Han Dynasty

190 years ago (BC) - Ellipse and hyperbola - Apollonius

140 years ago (BC) - Trigonometry - Hipparchus 

100 years ago (BC) - Stone bridge - Roman engineers, Tiber River, Rome

85 years ago (BC) - Seed planting machine (China)

57 years ago (BC)-935 AD – Silla 

51 years ago (BC) – Cleopatra Egyptian ruler

40 years ago (BC) - Rotary winnowing machine (China)

37 years ago (BC) - 668 AD - Goguryeo 

18 years ago (BC) - 660 AD - Baekje 

255 years ago (BC) – Hebrew Old Testament translated into Greek and called the Septugint

Macedonia

Macedonia Philip II

336 (BC) - Alexander the Great at age 20 succeed the Macedonian throne

Fought Persia and shattered Persian power

Macedonia

334 (BC) Issus – Asia Minor battled Persians

Tyre – Persian naval force

Acco

Strato's Tower - cavalry

Azotus

Ashkelon 

Gaza – Gateway to Egypt, reinforcements arrived from Egypt battled Batis the Persian commander

Siwa

Samaria

Tyre- army

Gaugamela

323 (BC) - Babylon

Susa

Persepolis

326 (BC) - Hydaspes, India

After the death of Alexander the Great, his Macedonian generals took control of his vast conquest

320-301 (BC) – Eastern Mediterranean - Ptolemy I establish himself in Egypt

312 (BC) – Campaign of Antigonus and Demetrius occupied Asia Minor

301 (BC) - Seleucus received the province of Syria, Phoenicia, and Judea

219-217 (BC) – Campaign of Antiochus II

203-198 (BC) – Campaign of Antiochus III

Rome

270 (BC) – Tiber, Rome

264-241 (BC) – First Punic War

218-201 (BC) - Second Punic War with Carthage

192 (BC) – Hannibal of Carthage secured western Mediterranean

190 (BC) - Rising power of Rome

Rome (Italy)

Carthage - (Africa)

Sicily (Italy)

Sarinia (Italy)

Corsica (Italy)

Spain

Macedonian - Greece

Achaea - Greece

Pergamum, Asia Minor

Cyrene, Egypt

Antioch, Syria (Seleucid Civilization)

Aix-en-Provence (Gaul)

Vercellae (Italy)

Pontus (Asia Minor)

149-46 (BC) – Third Punic War at Carthage (Africa)

105 (BC) – African King Jugurtha

105 (BC) – General Marius Mules marched on Rom to avor the aristocratic Optimates

88 (BC) - King Mithradtes of Pontus

82 (BC) – Sulla was elected leader of Rome by the Senate

70 (BC) – Consul General Pompey associate of Sulla

Hasmonean Dynasty

167 (BC) – Seleucid ruler, Antiochus IV – looted the Temple

167-166 (BC) - Mattathias Hasmoneas triggered the Maccabean rebellion the the village of Modein (20 miles from Jerusalem)

165 years ago (BC) - Judas Maccabeus begins a revolt again Antiochus IV, because the Temple of Jerusalem was plundered 

163 – Judas Maccabeus besieging Akra in Jerusalem in included 100,000 infantry, 20,000 cavalry and 32, war elephants

161 – Bacchide set up a base at Berroth

156 – Jonathan youngest of Mattathias son had a well trained force establish at Bethbasi near the main north south route to Jerusalem

142 (BC) – Judea became politically independent

142 (BC) Simon (High Priest)

Joppa (Judea)

Gazara (Judea)

Jerusalem (Judea)

Qumran (Judea)

Kedron (Judea)

Dok (Judea)

134 (BC) John Hyrcanus I (High Priest)

Jamnia (Judea)

Azotus (Idumea – South of Judea)

Medeba (Judea)

Shechem (Samaria – North of Judea)

Samaria (Samaria)

121 (BC) - Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Rome)

104 (BC) – King Aristobulus I

103 (BC) – King Alexander Janneus

Ptolemias (Galilee)

Gaza (Idumea)

Libba (Idumea)

Zoar (Idumea)

Pella (Samaria)

Hippus (Galilee)

Philoteria (Galilee)

Gimala (Galilee)

Masada (Idumea)

Machaerus (Idumea)

Hyracania (Judea)

67 (BC) – King Aristobulus II

[57 BC- 935 AD] Korean Three Kingdoms: Silla (South East)

40 (BC) – King Antigonus II

[37 BC - 668 AD] Korean Three Kingdoms: Goguryeo (Northern)

37 (BC) – King Herod

[18 BC - 660 AD] Korean Three Kingdoms: Baekje (South West)

Historical Perspective (1st and 10th Century)

The Early Church (0-100 ), (New Testament)

33 - Jesus Christ - Gospels and Disciples

Matthew – disciple, clarified for Jewish audience – Matthew (Levi), Mark 2:14

Mark – John Mark, wrote Mark, traveling companion

Luke – Luke, Acts (Doctor)

John – island of Patmos – John, Revelations

St. Peter (64 ) – pope - recognized leader of inner three – 1,2 Peter, Matthew 16:18

Thaddeus – disciple also known as Jude son of James, Matthew 10:3

James – disciple, inner 3: Peter and John, Mark 10:35-37

James – brother of Jesus, wrote James, Acts 1:13

Andrew- disciple brother of Peter, Matthew 4:18-20

Simon – Simon the Zealot, Zealous for Jewish Law – Acts 1:13

Bartholomew – disciple, Philip and Bartholomew, Matthew 10:2, John 2:27-28

Thomas – disciple, loyal and honest – Acts 1:13

Philip – 3 greatest missionaries pragmatic, sensible 2 Timothy 4:11

John the Baptist – tribe of Levi, Moses, Aaron, disciples went with Jesus

30 - Jesus and the cross

Beginnings of Christianity

32 - Apostles: Paul, Timothy, Barnabas, John, Mattais, Joseph (Justus), Stephen

Paul – Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians

Ac 1:8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth

Jesus commanded his disciples not to leave Jerusalem until they had been endued with the power from the Holy Spirit. First Jerusalem and from there, fanning out in every growing cities all the way to the ends of the earth. Barnabas and Paul were sent to take the gospel to cities in the remote parts of the earth. One of the cities is Ephesus. The disciples in Jerusalem , a small band of 12 men went from the synagogue to the temple of Artemis, facing a thriving metropolis, proponents for Christianity to the city and the region.

During Paul's visit he baptized 12 men and introduced them to the Holy Spirit. Two years later the entire city of Ephesus heard the gospel, resulting in multitudes of converts (Acts 19:11-20).

Thessalonians, Titus, Philemon

Timothy – 1, 2 Timothy

Barnabas – Hebrews: Paul, Luke, Barnabas, Philip, Apollo

50-62 - The epistles were written about Jesus and the early followers

Acts, Early Church, Holy Spirit

North of Jerusalem east of Mediterranean Sea (Samaria)

66 - 7 years ago – Zealots in Judea rebel against Rome

66-78 – St. Linus (pope)

68 years ago – Qumran community hid their library of Bible manuscripts in a cave by the Dead Sea (discovered in 1948)

70 to 73 years ago - Masada, an ancient Hebrew fortress built on a mountaintop located southeast of Jerusalem. The Jewish Zealots, who protested Roman rule over Judea, staged their last stand against the Romans at Masada

70-100 – First four books of the New Testament – Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are written

79 – St. Anacletus (Cletus)

80 - Magnetism (China)

90 - Jewish historian Flavius Josephus 

91 – St. Clement I

100 - John the apostle – 1,2,3 John – John writes Revelations

100 – St. Evaristus

100 - Paper making (China)

109 – St. Alexander I

115 - Roman historian Cornelius Tacitus

116 – St. Sixtus I

125 – St. Telesphorus

136 – St. Hyginus

142 – St. Pius I

155 – St. Anitcetus

165 - Jews recapture Temple.  Judas Maccabee’s family Hasmoneans established independent state for 80 years

166 – St. Soter

170 - Function of the arteries - Galen

174 – St. Eleutherius

180 - Rotary fan (China)

189 – St. Victor I 

198 – St. Zephyrinus

200 – Ptolemy – Greek geographer

217 – St. Callistus

217 – St. Hippolytus

222 – St. Urban I

230 - Wheelbarrow - China

235 – St. Pontian

236 – St. Anterus

250 – St. Fabian

253 – St. Cornelius

258 – St. Lucius I

274 – St. Stephen I

258 – St. Sixtus II

268 – St. Dionysus

274 – St. Felix I

283 – St. Eutychian

296 – St. Gaius

300 – Aristotle – Earth is round (circumference 25,000, diameter 8,000)

Eric the Red begins settlement of Greenland

Greek - Democracy, Greek States - Pluto, Socrates

Greek Civilization - Colossus - 7 Wonders

304 – St. Marcellinus

306 – St. Marcellus I

310 – St. Eusebius

313 – Emperor Constantine gave Edit of Milan granting freedom of worship to Christians

314 – St. Miltiades

330 – Constantinople founded

335 – St. Silvester I

336 – St. Mark

352 – St. Julius I

365 – St. Felix II

366 – St. Liberius

367 – St. Ursinus

379 - Italy - Rule of Emperor Theodius the Great

384 – St. Damasus I

391 - Italy - Christianity in Rome, Augustine, Christian Theology

399 – St. Siricius

400 – Christian Churches built in Rome, Jerusalem, Constantinople

401 – St. Anastasius I

410 - Fall of the Roman Empire

417 – St. Innocent I

418 – St. Zosimus

422 – St. Boniface

419 – St. Eulalius

432 – St. Celestine I

440 – St. Sixtus III

451 – Council of Chaceldon

461 – St. Leo I

468 – St. Hillary

476 - King of Italy Odovacar

476 - German prince Odoacer

476 - Goth invade West Rome

482 - Merovingian Frankish kings

483 – St. Simplicius

492 – St. Felix III

496 – St. Gelasius I

498 - Baptism of Clovis I

498 – St. Anastasius II

500 - Algebra - India

500 - Decimal System - India, Mesopotamia 

5th century – Two Buddhist sects – Zen and Pure Land are established

514 – St. Symmachus

501 – St. Lawrence

507 – France conversion of Clovis to Catholicism

523 – St. Hormisdas

526 – St. John I

527 – Emperor Justinian, Romans rule of East and West

530 - St. Felix IV

532 – St. Boniface II

532 – St Sophia (City), Constantinople

530 – St. Dioscorus

535 – St. John II

536 – St. Agapitus I

537 – St. Silverius

550 - Water Mill - Greece 

555 – St. Vigilius

560 – Irish missions to continent

561 – St. Pelagius I

563 – St Columba in Iona

568-774 - Lomboards in Italy

570-632 – Muhammad the prophet – whose teachings, recorded in the Koran, form the basis of Islam

574 – St. John III

579 – St. Benedict I

580 - Iron chain suspension bridge 

590 – St. Pelagius II

597 – Roman mission to England

600 - Zero - India, Arabic

604 – St. Gregory I

606 – St. Sabinian

610-641 - Heraclius of Byzantium

615 – St. Boniface III

618 – St. Boniface IV

620 - Vikings in Ireland

625 – St. Deusdedit I

638 – St. Honorius I

640 – St. Severinus

640 - Windmill - Persia

642 – St. John IV

649 – St. Theodore I

650 - Earliest evidence of bow and arrow, flint hoes, and Northern flint corn in the  Northeast (Americas)

661-750 - First caliph dynasty of Umayyads

668 - 935 - Unified Silla – Korean Southern Peninsula

698-926 - Balhae Kingdom – North Korea and Manchuria

698 – Lindisfarne Gospels

700 - Porcelain - Tang Dynasty 

711 - Islamic conquest of Iberian Peninsula

717 – Emperor Leo II

751 - Carolingian in Germany

751 – King Pepin III becomes king of the Franks

751 - Reign of Charlemagne

756 - 1031 - Emirate of the Umayyads of Cordoba

772 – Saxon wars

774 – King Charlemagne become king of Italy

800 – King Charlemagne crowned emperor

817 – Benedict of Ariane reforms monasteries

842 - Division of Frankish

860 – Cyril and Methodius sent to Morvia

867 – Basil I, first of the Macedonian dynasty 

886 - 24 hours measurement system - Alfred the Great 

900 - Moldboard plow - China

907 - Tang dynasty in China

911 – Foundation of Cluny

932 - Printed woodblocks are developed in China

966 – Foundation of Poland

973 – Coronation of English King

980 - Canal locks - Caio Wei Yo

985 - Beowulf

989 – Vladimir of Kiev become Christian

995 – King Olaf of Norway

Historical Perspective (11st and 12th Century)

Christian Middle Ages

Jerusalem, Church of Holy Sepulcher

Sistine Chapel

England, Norway

1000 - Cultivation of tobacco in North America

1016 - Knut the Great

1046 – Synod of Sutri – beginning of reform in Roman church

1050 - Peak of Cahokia Culture (Americas - Illinois)

1054 – Catholic Pope Leo IX – splits and Roman Catholic Pope and Eastern Orthodox Pope – patriarch of Constantinople

1056 - Henry IV

1066 - William in England

1080 – Tower of London

1095 – First Crusade by Pope Urban II

1099 – Jerusalem captured

1100 - Rocket - China

1115 – Foundation of Clairvaux

1130 – King Roger II of Sicily

1145 – Second Crusade

1150 - Paper Mill - Spain

1154 – King Stephen king of England (England and Wales)

1154 – King Henry II first Angevin king (Brittany, Ireland, and Scotland)

1171 - Saladin conquers Fatimid Egypt

1179 – Lateran Council III

1187 – Saladin recaptures Jerusalem

1189 – Third Crusade King Richard I “Lion heart” recaptured coastal towns and forts

1194 – Chartres Cathedral built

1200 - High point of Mississippi and Anasazi cultures (Americas)

1209 – Franciscan order approved

1212 – King Frederick II of Sicily

1215 – England: Magna Carta - King John

1215 – Paris university receives first statues

1224-74 – Saint Thomas Aquinas, Italian philosopher and theologian

1226 – Louis IX

1228 - 6th Crusade in Jerusalem

1248 – Crusade of 1248 led by Louis IX

1250 - Magnifying glass - Roger Bacon

1258 - Second caliph dynasty of the Abbasid

1260 - Gun and cannon- Konastantin Anklitzen

1264 - Simon de Montfort founds House of Commons in Parliament 

1265 – Dante

1266 – Giotto

1269 - 360 compass - Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt

1270 - Gregorius Bar Hebraeus writes a history of the world

1271 - Marco Polo leaves for China to visit Kublai Khan

1280 - Belt driven spinning wheel - Hans Speyer

1285 - Eyeglasses - Alessandro de Spina

1287 - Nitric acid - Raymond Lully

1291 - Crusades end - Muslims reach Palestine

1295 - King Edward I summons First Representatives Parliament 

Historical Perspective (13th, and 14th, Century)

Late Middle Ages, Kingdoms, Renaissance, Baroque (13th, 14th Century)

1300 - Athapaskan reach Southwest (Americas)

1304 – Petrarch

1309 – The Roman Catholic papacy is in Avigonon, France

1324 – Across the Sahara

1325 - Aztec city of Tenochititlan founded (Americas)

1326 - Metal cannon - Rinaldo Lully

1335 - Public striking clock - Palace Chapel in Italy

1336 - Japan Civil War

1337 - Hundred Year War between England and France

1360 - Mechanical clock - Henri de Vick

1375 - The Renaissance - A new view of humanity

1377 – Brunelleshchi

1378 – Schism begins

1386 – Donatello

1390 – Van Eyck

1400 - Dufay

1410 - Wire - Rodolph of Nuremberg

1415 – Council of Constance

1419 - Henry the Navigator begins a period of African explorations

1431 – Joan of Arc

1450 - Printing press with movable type - Johann Gutenberg,  1454 - The first printing press. Before  only a few thousand handwritten texts existed across Europe. Inspired by the growing demand for lower cost books, Johannes Gutenberg, Gutenburg press

1453 - Hundred Year War ends

1455 - Cast iron pipe - Castle of Dillenburgh

Korea: Choson Dynasty

1446 - King Sejong modern Korean alphabet.

1451 - Founding of Iroquois Confederacy (Americas)

1452 – 1519 - Leonardo da Vinci's helicopter design

1453 - Ottoman Empire – Mehmed II Khan Gazi

1453 – Byzantine Empire - Muslims capture of Constantinople

Israeli Civilization - Jerusalem, Israel -The Dome of the Rock, the holiest Islamic shrine in Jerusalem, stands over the rock from which Muslims believe Muhammad rose to heaven. Jews believe the site to be where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac. The shrine stands on the traditional location of the first Jewish temple, the Temple of Solomon. Israel 

Israeli Civilization - Jewish diaspora during the Ottoman Empire - Foreign-born and native-born Israeli Jews trace their recent roots to more than 100 different countries, providing Israel with extremely diverse cultural influences. Jews with ancestry from the Middle East, North Africa, and the Mediterranean region

Israeli Civilization - Ashkenazim – Jewish from Central, Germany, and Eastern Europe 

Israeli Civilization - Ashkenazic Jews immigrated to Israel from the former Soviet Union

Israeli Civilization - Sephardim – Spain 

Samaria: North of Jerusalem east of Mediterranean Sea

1455 - England War of the Roses

1471 - Durer

1473 – Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer was a student in Italy worked on a heliocentric theory

1474 - Lunar nautical navigation - Regiomontanus 

1489 - (+) and (-) sign in mathematics - Johann Widman

Central America and Mexico: Mesoamerica civilizations there are 77 tribes.

1486-1502 AD – Ahuitzotl (Aztecs of Mexico)

1480 -1520 AD - Montezuma (Aztecs of Mexico)

1480 – Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigated the globe

1482 - Portuguese colonize African Gold Coast

1483 – King Henry Tudor

1483 – Martin Luther, author of 95 Thesis

1483 - Leonardo’s invention,Armored Vehicle, Parachute, Ornithopter, Glider, Helicopter, Aeroplane

1488 - Bartholomew Diaz sails around Cape of Good Hope

1491 – Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuit Order of Roman Catholic priests

1492 - Christopher Columbus was born in Italy, and commissioned from Spain to find America - Columbus Day: People from different parts of the world start to settle down and live together. (West Indies)

1493 - Drawing a flying machine - Leonardo Da Vinci

1497 - John Cabot explores east coast of North America

1498 – Vasco da Gama reaches India

South America: Mayan, Incas

Historical Perspective (15th and 16th Century)

Reformation - New World, Discovery, Exploration (15th, 16th Century) - Explorers

1500 - The Reformation Shatters Religious Unity

1500 - The Age of Exploration

1500 - Colonialism - Legacy of the Explorers

1500 - Portable clock - Peter Henlein

15th century – Renaissance jewelry

15th century – South America

15th century – Mexico large producers of gold

1500 - Pedro Cabral discovers Brazil

1502 - Columbus discovers Nicaragua

1505 - Portuguese travel to Mozambique 

1507 - First world map of America is produced 

1509 – John Calvin, leader of Protestants in France

1513 - Juan Ponce de Leon explored Florida coast

1517 - Martin Luther's 95 Thesis

1519 - Magellan's expedition – circumnavigation

1519 - Hernan Cortes arrives in Mexico

1520 - Spirally grooved rifle barrel - August Kotter

1521 - The city-states of Yucatan were ruled by a hereditary Halach Uinic (Mayans)

1521 - Hernan Cortes travels to Mexico for Spain

1522 - Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the world

1525 - Portable shotgun - Marquis of Pescara

1526 - San Miguel de Guadalupe, first European settlement in South Carolina

1531 - Francisco Pizarro - Peru, South America (Incas)

1532 AD - Atahualpa (Incas)

1534 - King Henry VII founds Church of England

1534 - John Calvin begins Reformation

1535 - Jacques Cartier begins exploring the St Lawrence River

1538: Optic nerve: Constanzo Varolio

1539 - Hernando de Soto landed in Florida1540: Artificial limbs: Ambroise Pare

1535 - Heliocentric planetary model - Copernicus 

1538 - Optic nerve - Constanzo Varolio

1540 - Artificial limbs - Ambroise Pare

1541 - Hernando De Soto discovers The Mississippi River

1540 - Francisco Coronado explored southwest north of Rio Grande, Hernando Alarcon reached the Colorado river, Garcia Cardenas reached the Grand Canyon

1545 - Council of Trent - Catholic Counter-Reformation

1545: Basic surgical principles: Surgery

1546-1601 – Tycho Brahe from Denmark used the teleoscope , made observations of the stars and palents. Made accurate prediction of planetary motion. Discovered a new star Cassiopeia

1547 - First Czar Ivan of Russia

1557 - Portuguese establish colony in Macao

1549 – The first Christian movement to Japan

1550 - Screwdriver, Wrench

1550 - Ligature to stop bleeding during surgery

1557 - Enamel - Bernard Palissy

1557 - Platinum - Julius Caesar Scaliger

1558 - Queen Elizabeth England

1561-1621 - Francis Bacon - British philosopher

1561 - Dredger - Peter Brueghel 

1562- First French colony on Parris Island

1564-1642 – Galileo Galilei, lays the foundations of modern physical science. Gelilieo's experiments and observations model of the solar system. A candidate for a degree in medicine then mathematics, then the telescope. Updated the combination of lenses and made some telescops of his own to study the night sky. Galielio's early discoveries was the presence of some smal stars very close to Jupiter which were satellites of Jupiter. Galileo discovered that the planet Venus exhibited phases like the Moon. 

1565 - Spanish found St Augustine, Spanish missions Catholicism in Florida  

1565 - French Huguenot colony in Ft Caroline in Florida 

1565 - Graphite pencil - Konrad Gesner

1569 - Screw cutting machine - Jacques Besson

1571-1630 – Johannes Kepler was Tycho successor made precise observations of planetary positions and was a Luthern minister, then a mathematican at University in Garz, Austria, work with Tycho in Prague in 1600. Published Kepler's Laws of planetary motion: 1. Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit about the Sun, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse, 2. An imaginary line connecting the Sun with a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times as the planet move about the Sun, 3. The cube of the disctance from the Sun divided by the square of the time required to traverse the orbit is a constant, the same for every planet

1579 - Sir Francis Drake claimed San Francisco

1581 - Pendulum motion

1582: Jesuit Matte Ricci is the first missionary to be sent to China

1582: Julain Calendar -> Gregorian Calendar (Pope Gregory)

1584 - Sir Walter Raleigh establishes colony on Roanoke Island 

1585 - Sir Walter Raleigh, first English colony on Roanoke Island, North Carolina

1587 - Second English colony Roanoke Island, Virginia

1588 – Sinking of the Spanish Armada by English Fleet

1590: Compound Microscope: Zacharias Jannsen

1592 - Ming sent its armies in support of Korea, seven-year war against Japan

1595 - Dutch colonize Guinea Coast

1597 - Proportional compass - Galileo Galilei

1599 - Silk knitting- Galileo Galilei

Historical Perspective (17th and 18th Century)

Age of Enlightenment / Encyclopedia / Age of Revolution (17th, 18th Century)

16th century - Renaissance jewelry

1600 - English East India Company

1600 - Wind driven land vehicle - Simon Stevin 

1602 - Dutch East India Company

1603 - Tokugawa Period in Japan

1603 - Pantograph- Christoph Scheiner

[1603-1867] Tokugawa period country’s modern age

1604 - Russia begins settlements in Siberia

1605 – Man of La Mancha – Don Quixote – Migul de Cervants Saavedra's tale

1606 - William Jansz discovers Australia 

1606 - Surveying chain - Edmund Gunter

1607 - Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia 

1608 - Samuel Champlain founds Quebec

1609 - Henry Hudson discovers the Hudson River 

1609 - Spanish found Santa Fe

1609 - Astronomical telescope - Galileo Galilei 

1609 - Johannes Kepler

1610 - Hudson Bay discovered

1611: Double convex microscope: Johannes Kepler

1612, 1616: Thermometer: Santorio Santorio: Function of heart and complete circulation of blood

1614, 1616,Logarithms,John Napier

1615 - Solar powered motor - Salomon de Caux

1618,Golf,Feathers

1618 - Thirty Years War between Catholics and Protestants

1620 - The founding of America starts with Columbus and the pilgrims, 102 English Puritans

1620 - Mayflower sails to America

1620 - Pilgrims settle Plymouth 

1620 - Pilgrims - English Puritans

1624 – George Fox, English founder of the Protestant Society of Friends of the Quakers

1625 - April 23, 1635, Boston Latin School was  the first public school in what would become the United States was established in Boston, Massachusetts

1626 - Dutch found New Amsterdam (New York)

1637 - Russian explorers reach Pacific Coast of Siberia

1642 - French found Montreal in Canada 

1642 - King Charles I - English Civil War

1642 – Isaac Newton grew up at a time when basic discoveries should have been a part of his college curriculum. A undergraduate at Cambridge his interests were in science and mathematics. Newton began inventing calculus as an undergraduate, and formulated ideas about optics and mechanics. He was one of the first scientists to use quantitative or mathematical arguments to test scientific ideas. 

Newtons laws of motion: 1. Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by the action of some outside force. 2. The change of motion (acceleration) is proportional to the force acting on the body and inversely proportional to the mass of the body.

Newtons law of Gravitation: The gravitational force between two object is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. F=GM1M2/R2 where G is the gravitational constant 9.8 m/s2

1643 - King Louis XIV of France

Three Musketeers- Monsieur d'Artagnan , 

Athos – Comte de la Fère: he has never recovered from his marriage to Milady and seeks solace in wine. He becomes a father figure to d'Artagnan.

Aramis – René d'Herblay, a handsome young man who hesitates between his religious calling and his fondness for women and scheming.

Porthos – M. du Vallon: a dandy, fond of fashionable clothes and keen to make a fortune for himself. The least cerebral of the quartet, he compensates with his homeric strength of body and character.

D'Artagnan – Charles de Batz de Castelmore d'Artagnan: a young, foolhardy, brave and clever man seeking to become a musketeer in France.

1644-1911- Chinese Manchu Qing Dynasty

1649 – Terra Australis – European map of the world

1650 - Age of Enlightenment - Theater - The World as a Stage

1650 – Geographic generals – Bernhardus Varenius

1650: Lymph glands: Olaf Rudbeck

1652 - Dutch found settlement on Cape of Good Hope

1654 - Portuguese in charge of Brazil instead of Dutch

1655 - England in charge of Jamaica instead of Spain

1658: Red blood cells: Jan Swammerdam

1656 - Bank of Sweden

1661 - England in charge of Bombay in India

1664 - England in charge of New Amsterdam instead of Dutch 

1666: Quinine: Vaccine

1667: Blood transfusion: Jean Baptiste Denis: France

1676 - Peter the Great of Russia

1681 - John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress

1683: Bacteria: Spermatzoa: Anto van Leeuwenhoek

1683 – First museum of the 16 and 17th century in England

1686 - England establish Dominion in New England

1694 - Bank of England

1695: Epsom salt: Nehemiah Grew

1696 - Peter the Great of Russia leads modernization program

17th century - Renaissance jewelry

1703 – John Wesley, English founder of the Methodist Church

1704 - English in charge of Gibraltar instead of Spain

1722 - China - Taiwan and Mongolia

1723 - Benjamin Franklin’s Almanac

1723-1820 - American Legends: Frontiersman Daniel Boone

1733 - John Kay starts Industrial Revolution 

1736: Scarlet fever: William Douglass

1737 – The Uffizi Gallery, Florence

1740: Curare (drug): Charles Marie de lacondamine

1747: Scurvy Cure: James Lind

1738: Excavation begins at Herculaneum nears Naples

1748 - Baron de Montesquieu - Spirit of Laws and separation of powers

1756: The Vatican Museum, Rome

1759 - England in charge of Quebec instead of France

1759: The British Museum, London

1760,Roller skates, Joseph Merlin

1763 - Peace of Paris gives Canada to England

1768 - James Cook Voyage of Discovery

The Democracy of the North American Natives - Iroquois help shape the Constitution

1773 - Boston Tea Party

1774 - First Continental Congress of American colonies held

1775-1783 - American Revolution - original 13 states - Independence Day 

1775 - Jan Austen - British author

1776 - American Declaration of Independence - American Revolution

1776: Johann Daniel Titius and Johann Body made the Titius Bode rule: Determine why the planets have the spacing we observe

1780: Artificial insemination: Lazzaro Spallanzani

1781: Herschel's discovery of the Uranus added a planet to the solar system

1783: Balloon became the first aircraft to carry humans 

1783-1815,Macadamized roads,John McAdams

1783 Catholicism in Korea: Yi Seung-hun was sent to Beijing where he was baptism and established the first Korean Catholic church. Christianity in Korea

1784: Bifocal lenses: Benjamin Franklin

1785: Digitalis: Vaccine

1788 - Constitution: The Founding Fathers helped form the government the Constitution and made one nation under God indivisible with liberty and justice for all: Executive, Legislative, Judicial Branches: National, State, and Local Government: Constitution, Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence. President's Day

[1789-1797] President George Washington (VA)

1790 – Philadelphia stock exchange

1789, 1791 - French Revolution ending in 1799 -  Democracy

1791 - US  Bill of Rights takes effect

1792 - US Mint 

1792 - Congress passed the first coinage act where gold (24.75 grains) and silver coins were minted

1792 - France is declared a republic 

1793 – The Louvre Museum, Paris

1795 - Poland - ratified Europe's first democratic constitution

1796: Smallpox vaccine: Edward Jenner

[1797-1801] President John Adams (MA)

1799 – The Rosetta Stone – near the Egyptian city Rosetta

Historical Perspective (18th and 19th Century)

Continental America - Industrial Revolution/ Musical Romanticism (18th century, 19th Century)

18th century – Industrial mass production of jewelry

1800,Battery,Alessandro Volta

[1801-1809] President Thomas Jefferson (VA)

1801-1083,Railway Locomotive,Steam Road Carriage

1803 - Louisiana Purchase from France

[1804] Louisiana Purchase from France

[1804] Lewis and Clark Expedition 

1804 – Haiti's Freedom

1805,Morphine,Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner

[1809-1817] President James Madison (VA)

1810,Homeopathy,Samuel Hahnemann

1811 - Simon Bolivar frees part of South America from Spain

1812 - Napoleon in charge of Moscow 

1812 - Abolitionist leader Frederick Douglass was born around 1818 in Talbot County, Maryland. 

1814 - Napoleon goes to Elba

1815 - Otto Edward Leopold von Bismarck, Prussia and German Prince 

1816,Stethoscope,Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec

1816 – Britain Gold Standard

[1817-1825] President James Monroe (VA)

1817 – New York stock exchange

1817,Parkinson's disease,James Parkinson

1817,Dental plate,Anthony Plantson

1819 – The Prado Museum, Madrid

1819,Dental amalgam,Charles Bell

1819 - US in charge of Florida ceded by Spain 

1820,Diphteria,Pierre Fidele Bretonneau

1823 - Monroe Doctrine - less foreign entanglements in America 

1823,Roller skates, Robert Tyers

1825 – The National Museum, Mexico City

1825,Binocular telescope,J.P Lemiere

[1825-1829] President John Quincy Adams (VA)

1828,Stethoscope with earpiece,Pierre Adolphe Poirry

[1829-1837] President Andrew Jackson (SC)

1830 - $1.5 millions in bonds

1830,Thermostat,Andrew Ure

1832 - Louisa May Alcott - America author

1834,Nervous reflex,Marshall Hall

1834,Refrigerator,Jacob Perkins

1836 - Battle of Alamo

[1837-1841] President Martin Van Buren (NY)

1837,Braille reading system,Louis Braille

1840: Several British and French inventors produced designs for engine-powered aircraft 

[1841] President William Henry Harrison (VA)

[1841-1845] President John Tyler (NC)

1842 – New York curb exchange (later known as American Stock Exchange)

1842,Ether anesthesia, General anesthesia,Crawford Williamson Long

1843,Fax Machine, Alexander Bain & Giovanni Caselli

1844,Nitrous oxide anesthesia,Horace Wells and Gardner Q. Colton

[1845-1849] President James Polk (VA)

1845,Pneumatic Tire,Robert Thomson, John Dunlop

1845 - Texas: American Legends: The Wild West

1846,Sewing Machine,Elias Howe Jr

1846 – Painless Surgery, Dentst William Morton administered ether

1846,Use of anesthesia in surgery,William Morton

1847,Chloroform,Jacob Bell and James Young Simpson

[1849-1850] President Zachary Taylor (KY)

1848,Golf, Adam Paterson

1848 – California – Gold Rush - John Marshall

1848 - Marx and Engels

1848 - US in charge of California and New Mexico instead of Mexico

1849 - Discovery of gold in California

1849,Safety Pin,Walter Hunt

1849,Buoying Vessels,Abraham Lincoln

1849,Glider,George Cayley

[1850-1853] President Millard Fillmore (NY)

1850,Germ Theory

1850 - The Underground Tunnel help 100,000  people

[1850]  California: American Legends: The Gold Rush: Immigration Wave

1850 – South America large producers of gold

1850 - Mexico large producers of gold

1850 - California: American Legends: The Gold Rush: Immigration Wave

1851 – Australia Gold Rush

1852 – The Hermitage, Leningrad

[1853-1857] President Franklin Pierce (NH)

1853,Hypodermic syringe,Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood

1855 – The Smithsonian Institute, Washginton, D.C

1855,Can Opener,Robert Yeates

1855,Spinal anestesia,J.L Corning

[1857-1861] President James Buchanan (PA)

1859 – Charles Darwin, English naturliast for Origin of Species

1859 – Comstock Lode – Sierra, Nevada

1860 - Light Bulb, Joseph Wilson Swan

1860 – Rocky Mountains – Gold Rush

[1861-1869] President Abraham Lincoln (KY) - First term completed

1861,Speech center of brain,Pierre Paul Broca

1863 - Emancipation Proclamation - Lawmakers pass 13th Amendment 

The US and Kentucky defends the Emancipation Proclamation

VA helps Harriet Tubman, VA original 13 colonies 

1863 - National Bank Act authorized banks could issue bank notes backed by government bonds

1863,Roller skates, Leonard Plimpton

1865 - Continental America: Union of North and South States (End of Civil War)

1865 - Civil War ends

1865,Genetics,Gregor Johann Mendel

1867, Typewriter,Carlos Glidden

1867,Antiseptic practices in hospitals,Joseph Lister

[1868-1912] Meji Period - League of Nations - Allies 

1868,Life Signals,Frank Vester

1868 - Japan begins modernization 

1869 - Suez Canal

[1869-1877] President Andrew Johnson (NC) - Lincoln’s second term

Nations News: Great Martyr Chief,

Walt Whitman a cement to the whole people, subtler, more underlying, than anything in written constitution, or courts or armies

 1867 - President Andrew Johnson signed legislation creating the first Department of Education

1869 – Mohandas Gandhi, Indian spiritual leader achieved independence from Britain

1870 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

1870 - Japan machine made round coins

1870,Antiseptic surgery,Surgery

1870 – Schleimann starts digging at Troy

1870 - Franco Prussian War

1871 – The American Museum of Natural History, New York

1868-73, James Denmore (QWERTY keyboard)

1871,Pinball,Henry Davidson

1872,Grocery Bag,Luther Crowell

1873 – US Gold Standard

1873,Barbed wire,Joseph Glidden

1875 - Lawmakers agree to passed Civil Rights Act of 1875

1875,Telephone,Alexander Graham Bell

1876,Air brake,George Westinghouse

1876 - Treaty of Kanghwa with Korea in , declared Korea unilaterally independent

1876- Centennial (100 years) 

[1877-1881] President Ulysses Grant (OH)

1877,Phonograph,Thomas Edison

1877,Liquid oxygen,Louis Paul Cailletet and Raoul Picket

1879 - Light Bulb, Thomas Edison 

1879,Cash Register,James Ritty

1879 – Prehistoric cave art found in Altamira, Spain

1880 – Modern Art, Mont Sainte Victoire

1880,Hearing aid,R. G Rhodes

1880, Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz in Germany begin separately to manufacture cars 

[1881] President Rutherford Hayes (OH)

[1881-1885] President Chester Alan Arthur (VT)

1882 - The Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed by the 1943 Magnuson Act

1882,Tuberculosis and cholera germs,Robert Koch

1882,Electric Iron,Henry Seely

1883 - Germans introduce health insurance 

1884 -Protestantism in Korea: Horace Allen, Horace G. Underwood, an American Presbyterian missionary and a Methodist Episcopal, Henry G. Appenzeller from the United States.

1884,Local anesthesia,K Koller

[1885-89] President Stephen Grover Cleveland (NJ)

[1885] Washington Monument

[1885] The Statue of Liberty arrived at its permanent home on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor on June 19, 1885, as a gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States

1885,Dishwasher,Josephine Garis

1885,Pinball,Willam Smith

1886 – South Africa Gold Rush

1887,AC induction motor,Nikola Tesla

1887,Electro cardiogram,Augustus Desire Walker

1887,Contact lenses,Eugen A. Frick

1888, Ballpoint Pen,John Loud

1888,Roll Film Camera,George Eastman (Kodak)

[1889-1893] President Benjamin Harrison (OH)

1889 - 1890] Six states were added: North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, and Wyoming

1889 - China machine made round coins

1891 – The Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna

1891 - Production of a successful glider 

1891,Bottle Cap,William Painter

1891,Diptheria antitoxin,Emil Adolf van Behring and Shibasaburo Kitsato

1892,Cholera vaccine,Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine

1893,Magic eye - photoelectric cell,Julius Elster & Hans Geitel

1894 - Sun Yat end Machu Dynasty in China

1895,X rays,Wilhelm Konrad von Roetgen

1894-1895 - China (Sino)-Japanese war, Treaty of Shimonoseki, concluded on April 17, 1895, China was forced to acknowledge the complete independence of Korea; to cede the island of Taiwan, the Penghu Islands, and the Liaodong Peninsula in northeastern China to Japan

1895 - First Films exhibited

1895,Breakfast Cereal,John Kellogg & Will Kellogg

1896 – Canada Gold Rush

1896 - Summer Olympics: Athens, Greece

[1897-1901] President William McKinley (OH)

1897,Cause of malaria (mosquito),Ronald Ross

1897,Digestion physiology,Ivan Petrovic Pavlov

1898,Vitamin deficiency diseases,Christian Eijkman

1899,Aspirin

1898 - US in charge of Cuba instead of Spain

1898 - US in charge of Hawaiian islands 

Historical Perspective (20st and 21st Century)

The Mechanical Age, The Digital Age, Modern Age (20th Century)

19th century – Industrial mass production of jewelry, Gold can be commonly found in jewelry stores for wedding rings

19th century – Appalachian and Rocky Mountains – Gold Rush

1900 – Gold Standard – affirmed the gold dollar as the standard unit of value

1900 – Paris Goldsmith Art’s

1900 - China Boxer Rebellion

1900:Radio:Guglielmo Marconi

1900 - Supper Olympics: Paris, France

[1901-1909] President Theodore Roosevelt (NY)

1901:Blood groups,Karl Landsteiner

1901:Paper Clip,John Vaaler

1902 - Marian Anderson - America  contralto 

1902 by Francis E. Stanley and Freelan O. Stanley cars operated by steam engine 

1902: Submarine,Cornelius Drebbel, John Holland

1902: Wake up Devices,Frank Clarke

1902: Hormones: William Maddock Bayliss and Ernest H. Starling

1903 - Panama secedes from Colombia

1903 : Wilbur and Orville Wright the first powered, sustained, and controlled flight aircraft

[1904] Summer Olympics: St Louis, MO

1904 - Lawerence Appley - American businessman 

1904 - Tea Bag: Thomas Sullivan

1904 - Summer Olympics: St Louis, MO, US

1904 - President Sygman Rhee graduated from George Washington University, Harvard, and Princeton University a bridge between the Joseon Dynasty and Modern Day Korea.

1904 - Russian-Japanese war - Against the Russo-Japanese Treaty 1899 with regard to Korea and Korean Japan Treaty 1904 regarding colonization

1904: Air Conditioning: Willis Carrier

1904: Mayan well discovered in Mexico

1905: Albert Einstein: patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, when he developed the Special Theory of Relativity in 1905. Einstein famous equation: E=mc2 (c=300,000 km/s). Physicits were required to identify a reaction in the Sun that might transform mass into energy. Careful labortaory measurements, found that the nucleus of the helium atom, can be thought of as four hydrogen atoms combined has only 99.28% of the mass of the sume of four hydrogen atoms

1905 - Korean Resistance for Independence from Japan 

[1906] Theodore Roosevelt – Nobel Peace Prize

1906 - Summer Olympics: Athens, Greece

1906 - Persian Parliament

1906: ECG

1906 - Theodore Roosevelt – Nobel Peace Prize

1907 – Invention of Plastics – Leo Baekeland

1907 - Thousands of Koreans gave their lives to Christ during the revival in Pyongyang

1907: Cutlery: Elmer Walter

1908: Henry Ford when he introduced the Model T 

1908 - Summer Olympics: London, England

[1909-1913] President William Taft (OH)

1909 - Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.

1909: IUD (intrauterine device),R. Richter

1909: Typhus fever body louse,Charles Jules Henri Nicolle

1909 - England introduce pensions

1909 - Assembly line in Detroit 

1910 - Completion of the first Korean Bible

1910 - The United States moved westward - Immigration Wave

1910 - Mexican Revolution

1910: Tumor virus, Rancis Peyton Rous

1910: Gene theory of heredity: Thomas Morgan

1911: Salvarsan: 

1911 – Alaska Klondike and Yukon

1911 - Ontario 

1912 - Summer Olympics: Stockholm, Sweden

1912- Utah, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona in the contiguous United States, all of which had joined the Union

1912: Diffraction of X-rays,Max Theodore Felix von Laue

1912: Thiamine (vitamin B1): Casimir Funk

1913: Igor Sikorsky: he built the first four-engine airplane, 1929 United Aircraft Corporation, 1939: Igor Sikorsky produced the first successful helicopter

1913 - Federal Reserve Act

1913: Crossword Puzzle: Arthur Wynne

1913: Zipper / Velcro: Gideon Sunback, Whitcomb Judson

1913: Vitamin A: Thomas Osborne, L. Mendel, Elmer, M. Davis

1914 - Federal Reserve System

1914 - WWI - League of Nations

1914 - Panama Canals open

1914 - Child Labor Laws - Keating Owens Act

1917 - US Allies - US joins Allies in Europe

1917 - Communist Revolution - Lenin and Bolsheviks in charge of Russia

1918: Tea Bag: Benjamin Hirschorn

1918: Vitamin D: Edward Mellanby

1919 - March 1st Independence Movement - appeal to League of Nations

1919: Tea Bag: Joseph Krieger

1919 - Gandhi passive resistance in India

1920 - League of Nations - 14 Points - 48 countries had joined

1920 - Ireland Civil War

1920 - Prohibition on alcoholic beverages 

1920 - US banks gave gold to citizens

1920 - Summer Olympics: Antwerp, Belgium

1920 - Jordan and Iraq

1920: Handheld computer: Hamilton Beach

1920: Jubilee Cup - hose clip: Lumley Robinson

[1921-1923] President Warren Harding (OH)

1921: Insulin: Frederick Banting and Charles Best

1922 - Ireland Independent Republic

1922 - USSR established 

1922 - Food Processor: Stephen Poplawki

1922: Vitamin E: Herbet Evans

1922: King Tutankhamen's tomb opened in Egypt

[1923-1929] President Calvin Coolidge (VT)

1923-1924: Television: John Baird, Vladimir Zworykin

1923 - National Socialist Party in Germany

1923 - Turkey becomes a republic

1924 - Summer Olympics: Paris, France, Winter Olympics: Chamonix, France

1924 – Japan Hanataro Nagaoka synthesis gold from mercury

1924 – First mutual fund – Massachusetts Investor Trust

1925: The Deutsches Museum, Munich

1926 - Inflation averaged 4%

1926: Aerosol Can: Erik Rotheim

1926: Chainsaw: Adreas Stihl

1927 - China civil war - purge communist 

1927: Iron Lung: Philip Drinker and Louis Shaw

1927: Sex hormones: Bernhard Zondek and Selmar Ascheim

1928: Vitamin C: Albert von Nagyrapolt

1928: Geiger Counter: Hans Geiger & Walther Muller

1928 - WWI - League of Nations

1928 - Summer Olympics: Amsterdam: Netherlands, Winter Olympics: St Moritz, Switzerland

1928-35: Sliced Bread: Otto Frederick Rohwedder

1929 – The Museum of Modern Art, New York

[1929-1933] President Herbert Hoover (IA)

1929 – Great Depression: 12.8%, 14 billion

1929: Licorice: George Bassett

1929: Chainsaw: Emil Lerp

1929: Electron microscope: Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska

1929: Brain wave electroencephalograph: Hans Berger

1929 - Jews and Arabs in Palestine

1930: Pinball: David Gottlieb

1930: Jet Engine: Frank Wittle

1930-1958: Rolodex: Arnold Neustadter

1931 - British Commonwealth 

1931: Blood bank: Sergei Sergeivitch

1931 – (Worst Year) Small Company stocks – -43.3%: Large company -58% (1937)

1932 - Summer Olympics: Los Angeles, CA, US, Winter Olympics: Lake Placid, NY, US

1932: Anglepoise Lamp,George Carwardine

1932 - Jan Ashford - American business women

1932: TEM: Defibrillator: William Bennet Kouwenhoven

1933: The Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago

[1933-1945] President Franklin Roosevelt (NY)

1933 - Banking Act - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

1933 - Federal Securities Act 

1933 – Gold Bullion Standard: gold coins circulated in the US

1933 – (Best Year) Small Company stocks – 142.9%, Large company stocks (54%)

1933: Polythene,Eric Fawcett, Reginald Gibson

1933: Riboflavin (vitamin B2): Panthothenic acid: Richard Kuhn, Roger Williams

1934 - Mao Tse Tung long March in China

1934: Vitamin K: Vitamin B6: Carl Peter Henrik Dam and Edward Doisy

1934 – Gold Reserve Act

1934 - Silver Purchase Act

1934 – Securities Exchange Commission

1934 - US banks gave gold to US Treasury at Fort Knox

1934: Lego,Ole Kirk

1934: Cats eyes - reflecting road studs, Percy Shaw

1935 - John Keyes publish concept of government role in the economy 

1935: Electronic hearing aid: Edwin Steven

1935: Sulfonamides

1935: Parking meter: Carlton Magee

1935: Radar: Robert Watson-Watt

1935: Monopoly: Charles Darrow

1935 - Banking Act of 

1935 - Banking Act of 1935 - centralized power in a Board of Governors, appointed by the president

1935 - centralized power in a Board of Governors, appointed by the president

1935 – Gold $35 per ounce

1936 - Spanish Civil War - General Franco

1936 - Summer Olympics: Berlin, Germany, Winter Olympics: Garmish, Germany, US

1937 - China (Sino)-Japanese war

1937: 1938: Instant Coffee: Max Mortgenthaler, Nestle

1937: Niacin: Conrad Elvehjem

1938: Photocopier: Chester Carlson

1938: Mouse Trap: James Atkinson

1938 - Turkey Republic

1938: A cardiac Catherization: 

1938: Folic acid: P.L Day

1939: Nonstick Pan: Roy Plunkett, Marc Gregoire

[1939-1945] Japan Meji Restoration: Imperial Expansion – Axis

1940 - Dick Armey - American statesman 

1941: The National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

1941 - Japan and Pearl Harbour 

1941 - US joins Allies to fight Axis

1941 – US achieved the same result of gold synthesis

1942: Vitamin H (biotin): Vincent du Vigneaud

1943: Allies: Sicily, Italians

1943: Russia at Stalingrad win

1943 - Detroit and Los Angeles riots

1944: Tetra Pak: Ruben Rausing

1944 - Allies liberate: Normandy, Rome, Paris, Brussels

1944 - US forced defeat Japanese navy

1945 - Yalta Conference- World War II ends

1945 – Elvis Presley – Rocking the World

[1945-1953] President Harry Truman (MO)

1945-1949 - Chinese Civil War (PRC and Taiwan)

1945: Artificial kidney: Kidney dialysis machine: Willem Kolff

1945: Microwave Oven: Percy Spencer

1946 - League of Nations replaces by United Nations

1946: UN Secretary General Trygve Lie (Norway)

1946: Disposable Diaper: Marion Donovan

1947 - Cold War

1947 – WWII - Establishment of IMF: gold exchange standard: change currencies to gold via us dollar: headquarters in DC

1947 - Marshall Plan aids European recovery 

1947 - Separate Jewish and Arab States

1947 - India and Pakistan independent states

1947 - India and Pakistan Independence

1947: Tupperware: Earl Tupper

1947: Transistor: Willam Shockely, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain

1947: Coenzyme A: Fritz Lipman

1947: Vitamin B12 for anemia: Karl A Folkers

1947: Dead Sea Scrolls fill in gaps in biblical history

1948: Independent Israel Jewish state declared

1949: (Israel) President Chaim Weizmann

1948: (Israel) Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion 

(Israel) Prime Minister Itzhak Ben-Zvi 

1948: Polaroid Camera: Edwin Land

1948 - UN Human Rights - Declaration of Human Rights

1948- The establishment of Republic of Korea (Two Koreas)

1948 - Summer Olympics: London, England, Winter Olympics: St. Moritaz, Switzerland

1948: Computer and Mouse: Freddie Williams and Thomas Kilburn

1939-1945 - WWII - United Nations

[1947-1955] Modern Day Japan: Democracy

1949: Bar code: Barndard Silver and Norman Woodland

1950 – Food Processor: Ken Wood

1950: Chlorpromaine (tranquilizer): Paul Charpentier

1950 - General Douglas MacArthur - 5 Star General led the Allied forces in the Southwest Pacific during World War II, 

1951 - China in charge of Tibet

1951: Oral contraceptive pill: Gregory Pincus: Min Chang, John Rock, and Carl Djerassi

1951: Coronary artery bypass

1952: Artificial heart valve: Charles Hufnagel

1952: Russia: First artificial satellite Sputnik 1 (10/4/1957)

1952 - India Prime Minister: Jawaharal Nehru

1952 - Summer Olympics: Helsinki, Finland, Winter Olympics: Oslo, Norway

1953: UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold (Sweden)

1953 - Vietnamese fight Laos

[1953-1961] President Dwight Eisenhower (TX)

1953 – American Stock Exchange

1953: DNA: Francis Crick and James Watson

1950-53 - Korean War: cease fire agreement - After the war was in charge of the occupation of Japan. When North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950, starting the Korean War, he was designated commander of the United Nations forces defending South Korea.  He fought to the Korean border, but came to a ceased agreement with China for the DMZ 

Army Doctors: Mash 4077

1954 - SEATO - South East Asian Treaty Organization formed

1954 - French Algerian at War 

1955 - Warsaw Pact - European communist states

1955 - Argentine President Juan Peron

1955: Hovercraft: Christopher Cockerell

1955: RNA: Severo Ochoa

1955: Polio vaccine: Jonas Salk

1955: Ultra sound: Leskell

1955: Kidney transplant

1956: Israel and Egypt fight

[1955-1970] Japan Social: economic, urbanization growth 

1956: Amniocentesis: St. Mary's Hospital

1956: Human growth hormone: Choh Hao Li

1956: Plastic contact lens: Norman Bier

1956 - Summer Olympics: Melbourne, Australia, Winter Olympics: Cortina, Italy

1957: Polio vaccine (live): Albert Sabin

1957: Fiber optic Endoscopy: 

1957: Artificial heart pacemaker: Clarence Lillehie

1957: USSR: Sputnik 2: Laika

1958: United Arab Republic States: Egypt, Syria, Yemen

1958: USA: Explorer 1: Discovered the Van Allen Belts

1958: Flight data recorder: David Warren

1959 - United States of America: Alaska, Hawaii

1959: USSR: Luna 2: First spacecraft to reach the Moon

1959: USSR: Luna 3: First circumnavigation of Moon

1959 – DJIA 584 high

1959: Microchip: Jack Kilby, Robert Noyce

1959: Librium

1959: Fidel Castro becomes Cuba premier 

1960: Africa gains independence 

1960 - Summer Olympics: Rome, Italy, Winter Olympics: Squaw Valley, CA, US

1960 - Martin Luther King Jr.: 1963 Speech Civil Rights where the integration of schools provided equal rights for all 

1960 - After the formation of the Korean government: in the 1960's the people demonstrated for a change from a national government to a more democratic government. Student groups formed on different issues one being the unification of North and South. 

1960 - Bank Merger Act

1960 - 8 US Banks had foreign offices

[1961-1963] President John Fitzgerald Kennedy (MA)

1961: UN Secretary General U Thant (Burma/Myanmar)

1961: Bay of Pigs (Cuba Missile Crisis)

1961: US send military advisors to Vietnam

1962 – Second Roman Catholic council changes made to liturgy

1962: USA: Mariner 2: First interplanetary mission – Venus flyby

1962: USSR: Ranger 7: Impact with the Moon

1962 - Algeria independence from France

1962: Nethalide

[1963-1969] President Lyndon Baines Johnson (TX)

1963: US, Great Britain, Russia sign nuclear test ban treaty

1963: Kevlar,Stephanie Kwolek, Paul Morgan

1963: Action Figures,Stan Weston (Hasbro)

1963 to 1965: Israeli archaeologist Yigael Yadin excavated Masada, an ancient Hebrew fortress built on a mountaintop located southeast of Jerusalem. The Jewish Zealots, who protested Roman rule over Judea, staged their last stand against the Romans at Masada from ad 70 to 73.

1964: USA: Mariner 4: First close up pictures of Mars

1964: USA: Mariner 5: Venus flyby

1964 - Congress enacted amendments to federal securities laws for regulation and investor protection

1964: Laser eye surgery: H Vernon Ingram

1964: Lava Lamp: Craven Walker

[1964] - Summer Olympics: Tokyo, Japan, Winter Olympics: Innsbruck, Austria

1965: US Marines sent to Vietnam 

1965: Venera 3: First spacecraft to land on another planet Venus

1965: Rubella vaccine: Pal Parkman and Harry Meyer

1965: Jet ski: Clayton Jacobson II

1965: Wine Box: Thomas Angove

1965 - Cultural Revolution China

1965: Ring Pull,Ermal Fraze

1966: USSR: Luna 9: First successful lunar soft landing

1966: USSR: Luna 10: First spacecraft in lunar orbit

1966: USA: Surveyor 1: First US soft landing on the Moon

1966: USA: Lunar Orbiter 1: First lunar orbiting survey vehicle

1966 – Alaska gold - $250 million in gold

1966 - Cultural Revolution: Little Red Book

1966 – Dow Jones reaches 100

1967: USSR: Venera 4: Frist data back from inside atmosphere of Venus

1967 - Israel Victory - Six Day War

1967: Heart transplant

1967: Computer and Mouse: Douglas Engelbart

1968: Martin Luther King Jr

1968: Workbench: Ron Hickman

1968: Hemoglobin molecule structure: Max Perutz

1968 - Summer Olympics: Mexico City: Mexico, Winter Olympics: Grenoble, France

1968 - Intel: Andy Grove, Noyce, George Moore

1968: North Korea seizes US Navy ship Pueblo

1969 - AMD: Jeremiah Jerry Sander

1969: (Israel) Prime Minister Golda Meir

[1969-1974] President Richard Nixon (CA)

1969: USA: Mariner 6: Mars flyby, first high resolution images from Mars

1969 - Credit Control Act: consumer credit

1969 - Moon - Space Age and UN

1969: Post it note: Spencer Silver

1969: Anti body chemical and molecular structure: Rodney Porter

1970 - The non proliferation treaty entered into force in 1970. 

1970: USSR: Venera 7: First data back from surface of Venus

1970: USSR: Luna 16: Soft landing on Moon with return of samples to Earth

1970 – Pension programs

1971 - China replaces Taiwan in United Nations

1971: USSR: Mars 2: Mars orbiter and landers, only orbiter successful

1971: USA: Mariner 9: Mars orbiter, first global mapping of planet

1971 – Suspend convertibility of dollars into gold

1971 – Food Processor: Pierre Verdun

1971 – Housing issue bonds 5.8%

1972: Pioneer 10: First Jupiter flyby

1972: UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim  (Austria)

1972: Great Britain in charge of Northern Ireland

1972: Venera 8: First chemical analysis of Venus

1972 – Gold $48 per ounce

1972 - South-North Coordinating Committee 

[1972] - Japan Regained Ryukyu Islands

1972 - Summer Olympics: Munich, Germany, Winter Olympics: Sapporo, Japan

1972: Artificial hip: John Charnley

1972: Enkephalin (brain chemical): John Hughes

1972: CD/DVD: Philips

1973: Chile military coup overthrows communism 

1973: Vietnam peace treaties 

1973: USA: Pioneer 11: Second Jupiter flyby and first Saturn flyby

1973: USA: Mariner 10: First flyby of Mercury, obtained Venus data en route

1973: Bar code scanner: IBM

1973 - Vietnam War - ceasefire 

1973: CT Scanner: Allan Cormack and Godfrey N Hounsfield

1973: Rocombinant DNA: Paul Berg

1974: (Israel) Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin

1974 – Army of clay soldiers unearthed in China

1974 – Allow private ownership of gold

1974 – Bear market: lost 37%

1974: Post it note: Arthur Fry

1975: Vietnam War ends with Saigon

1975: Cambodia and communism 

1975: USSR: Venera 9: Data from surface of Venus and from orbiter

1975: USSR: Venera 10: Data from surface of Venus and from orbiter

1975: USA: Viking 1: First soft landing on Mars, also Mars orbiter

1975: USA: Viking 2: Second soft landing on Mars, also Mars orbiter

1975: Monoclonal antibodies: Cesar Milstein

1976 - American Bicentennial (200 years)

1976 - Summer Olympics: Montreal, Canada, Winter Olympics: Innsbruck, Austria

1976 – Stocks returned 14.6% until 1980

1976: Coronary angioplasty

1976: 1893-1976 - Mao Zedong and People Liberation Army and People Republic of China in Tiananmen Square

1977: (Israel) Prime Minister Menachem Begin 

[1977-1981] President James Carter (GA)

1977 - Human Rights - President Jimmy Carter

1977: USA: Voyager 1: Flybys of Jupiter, Saturn , Titan

1977: USA: Voyager 2: Grand your flybys of Jupiter, Saturn , Uranus, Neptune

1971 - NASDAQ established 

1978: USA: Pioneer Venus Orbiter: First radar mapping of Venus from orbit

1978: USA: Pioneer Venus Probe Carrier: Atmospheric composition, radiation balance, cloud particle characteristics from four entry probes

1978: USSR: Venera 11: Atmospheric and cloud composition of Venus, surface studies

1978: USSR: Venera 12: Atmospheric and cloud composition of Venus, surface studies

1978 – IMF no major currency was redeemable in gold, world currencies

1978: Dual Cyclone Cleaner:  James Dyson

1978: Ballpoint Pen:  Gillette

1978: Human insulin: Genetech

1978: Test tube baby: Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards

1979 - Deng Xiaoping: Mao protege

1979: Single cell protein process: ICI Agriculture

1979: Shock wave lithotripsy

1979 - Anti-nuclear protest at Harrisburg in 1979, following the Three Mile Island Accident.  Washington, D.C., when 125,000 people

1979 - China controversial one-child policy. Premier Deng Xiaoping (1973)

1980 - Federal Reserve redefined money supply: M1, M2, M3, L

1980 – Bull market, inflation averaged 14%

1980 – Cd’s offered double digit returns 11%

1980 - Digital Age

1980,CD/DVD,Philips and Sony

1980 - (Jerusalem Zion, Israel) Old City of David in, Yigal Shiloh uncovered an Iron Age palace of the 10th century (BC), a major building of the era of David and Solomon (Near city of David, Solomon Temple)

[1980] - Japan Economic Bubble - Growth

1980 - Summer Olympics: Moscow, Russia, Winter Olympics: Lake Placid, NY, US

[1980] China opened up and westerners were able to see the past 30 years progress.

[1981-1989] President Ronald Reagan (IL)

1981: USSR: Venera 13: Venus atmosphere and surface studies: detection of lightning discharges

1981: USSR : Venera 14: Venus atmosphere and surface studies: detection of lightning discharges

1981: MRI Scanner: Thorn EMI Research

1981: AIDS: CDC

1981: Hep B immunization (HBV)

1982: UN Secretary Javier Perez de Cuellar  (Peru)

1982: Stumps cam: Matthew Allwork

1982: Cancer genes: Robert Weinberg and Mario Barbacid

1982 - Equal Rights Amendments dies 

1982 - one million people demonstrated in New York City's Central Park against nuclear weapons and for an end to the cold war arms race

1982: Artificial heart: Robert Jarvik

1983: USSR: Venera 15: Orbiting radar mapping of Venus surface topography

1983: USSR: Venera 16: Orbiting radar mapping of Venus surface topography

1984: USSR: VEGA 1: Venus flyby, descent probe landing, balloon deployment

1984: USSR: VEGA 2: Closest to Halley nucleus, imaging

1984: Tennis: Walter Wingfield

1984 - Summer Olympics: Los Angeles, US, Winter Olympics: Sarajevo, Yugoslavia

1984: Gene cloning: NIH

1984: Isolation of AIDS: Robert Gallo

1984: Human insulin

1985: ESA: Giotto: Closest approach to Halley nucleus, imaging

1985: 1988: Widget: Alan Forage and William Byrne: Guinness

1985 - First reunion of separated families 

1985 - Glasnost and Perestroika

1985: Blood clotting: Genetech

1985: PET Scanner: Michael Phelps

1985: Anxiety chemical : Alessandro Guidotti and Erminion Costa

1985: Cloned leprosy gene vaccine: Ron Davis

1985: PTM Microscope: Jame van House and Arthur Rich

1986: DNA fingerprinting: Alec Jeffreys

1986: Synthetic skin: G Gallico

1986: Ziduvudine

1986 - Hundreds of people walked from Los Angeles to Washington, D.C., in the Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament.

1987 - 150 US Banks had 900 foreign branches

1987 – October Dow Jones crash: 22.6%: 500 billion

1987: Druid - sundial: John Singleton

1987: Alzheimer's disease gene: NIH

1987: Fetal tissue transplant

1988 - Summer Olympics: Seoul: Korea: Korea is one of the Asian tigers that grew tremendously between the 50's to the 80's (30 years - in about one generation) to be able to host the Olympics in Seoul (1988): Winter Olympics: Calgary: Canada

1989 - President Ronald Regan and Mikhail Gorbachev: The Berlin Wall: The Fall of the Wall On November 9, 1989

1989: USA: Magellan: Orbital radar mapping of Venus

1989: USA: Galileo: Flybys of Moon, Venus, and asteroids Gaspra and Ida, jovian orbital tour

1989 - Student protests in Tiananmen Square

1989: Serra - mirror: Peter Milner

1989: Foreign gene into human: NIH

[1989-1993] President George Bush (MA)

1990 – Technology stocks boom

1990 – Cd’s offered 5% returns

[1990] - Japan Russia normalization Kuril Islands

1990 - Immigration Wave

1991 - North and South Korea joins UN 

1991: Clockwork radio: Trevor Baylis

1991: X-ray of human brain recalling a word: Dr. Marcus Raichle

1991: IntronA: Hep B Medication

1992 - Republican president George H. W. Bush pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 77 people.

1992: (Israel) Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin 

1992: UN Secretary Boutros Boutros Ghali  (Egypt)

1992 - Summer Olympics: Barcelona: Spain: Winter Olympics: Albertville: France

1992 - The LA riots were a rude awakening for Korean-Americans headlines about Rodney King

1992: Anywayup Cup: Mandy Haberman

[1993-2000] President William Clinton (AR)

William Clinton - Justice Attorney General, Governor, President 

1993 – 100 year bonds introduced

1993 - North Korea withdraws from UN, famine hits North Korea.  South Korea and other countries send relief, food, and aid

1994 - Staggered Winter Olympics: Lillehammer: Norway

1995: CD/DVD: DVD standard format

1995 - The non proliferation treaty was extended indefinitely. A total of 191 States have joined the Treaty, including the five nuclear-weapon States.

1995 - Million man march

1996: (Israel) Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu 

Prime Minister Ehud Barak (Israel)

1996: USA: NEAR: First near Earth asteroid mission, orbiting Eros

1996: USA: Mars Global Surveyor: Mars polar orbiter

1996: USA: Mars Pathfinder: Mars lander, small rover

1996: Russia: Mars orbiter and lander

1996- Summer Olympics: Atlanta: US - Bicentennial Park

1996 – Dow reaches all time high 5894.74

1996 - US Stock: Bonds: Money Market funds had combined assets of $3 trillion

1997: UN Secretary General Kofi Annan  (Ghana)

1997 - TIPS Bond

1997: Land Shark - amphibious vehicles: David Baker

1997 - China gets Hong Kong (Financial Hub - Language: Cantonese) 

1997 - Asian Financial Crisis 

1998 - Winter Olympics: Nagano: Japan

1998 -Bill Clinton visits China

1998: Epivir HBV: Zeffrx: Hep B Medication

1999 – South Africa – 449 gold metric tons

1999 – US – 341 gold metric tons

1999 - European monetary - foreign exchange 

1999 - China gets Macau - China agrees to trade reforms

20th century – Gold can be commonly found in jewelry stores for wedding rings

2000 - Summer Olympics: Sydney: Australia: Joint Entry in Sydney Olympics - Unified Korean Flag - President Kim Dae Jung

2000 - China gets permanent normal trading status from US Congress

2000 – Total value of US stocks peaked at $14.75 trillion - Tech Boom

2000 - Microsoft splits into 5 departments

2000 - Sunshine Policy - First inter-Korean summit 

2001: (Israel) Prime Minister Ariel Sharon 

2001: Sept. 11 - DC, NYU: Airport Security

2002 - Winter Olympics: Salt Lake City: Utah: US 

2002:  European Union

2002 - African Union

2002: Hepsera: Hep B Medication

2002 – Technology stocks lost value: $7.41 trillion

2004 - Summer Olympics: Athens: Greece

2005: Pegasys: Hep B Medication

2005: Baraclude: Hep B Medication

2006 - Winter Olympics: Turin: Italy

2006: Tyzeka: Sebiro: Hep B Medication

2007 - Second inter-Korean summit

2007 – Housing recession

2007 – Shale oil boom 

2007: UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon  (Korea)

[2008-2016] President Barack Obama

2008 - Summer Olympics: Beijing: China 

2008 - The Beijing Olympics of 2008 

2008: Viread: Hep B Medication

2009 - Digitization (Digital Switch from Analog to Digital)

2010 - Winter Olympics: Vancouver: Canada

2012 - Summer Olympics: London: England

2013 - Pope Francis (Argentina)

2013 - Black Lives Matter(BLM) is an international human rights movement, originating in the African-American community that campaigns against violence and systemic racism towards black people. BLM regularly holds protests speaking out against police killings of black people, and broader issues such as racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system

2014 - Winter Olympics: Sochi: Russia

2015 - China announces the end of its controversial one-child policy.  Now, all couples can have two children.

[2016-2020] President Donald Trump

2016 - Summer Olympics: Rio de Janerio: Brazil

2016: UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres  (Portugal)

2018 - Winter Olympics: Pyeong Chang: Korea

2019 - Taiwan and Hong Kong demonstrations related to China integration 

2019 - Coronavirus  - COVID 19

2020 - Tokyo Olympics 

2020 - England leaves EU with Brexit

2020 - RCEP - Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

Resources

Compact Bible Handbook - Adam and Eve (4000 BC)

Zondervan Life Application Study Bible NIV

Reader Digest - Bible Atlas - Hasmodean Dynasty after 100 AD 

Oxford Essential Desk Reference

New York Public Library Desk Reference

Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2002 - Microsoft Works

National Geographic Knowledge Book - History Summary

Human Geography - Human MigrationEarly History Timeline