2025
Good News
Top economies 10 years growth 2015 vs 2025.
World gdp
2015 $75.47 trillion
2025 $115 trillion
The $115 Trillion World Economy in 2025. One Chart. Ranked: Every Country by GDP in 2025. The U.S. has been the world’s largest economy for over 100 years, and in 2025 will maintain its lead, at $30.3 trillion. Second-largest China ($19.5 trillion) will also hold its position, now on a 15-year streak. The top two together account for over two-fifths (43%) of the world’s $115 trillion GDP. However, there have been changes in the top five recently. Germany ($4.9 trillion) overtook Japan ($4.4 trillion) in 2024 as the third-largest economy. Meanwhile India ($4.3 trillion) passed the UK ($3.7 trillion) as 5th largest in 2020. The European Union's GDP is estimated to be $19.40 trillion (nominal) in 2024. The $100 Trillion World Economy was 2022.
US 29 trillion - 350 million people
EU 20 trillion - 500 million people
China 18 trillion - 1.4 billion people
Middle East - 5.2 trillion - 500 million people
South America 4 trillion - 442 million people
India 3.9 trillion - 1.4 billion people
Africa Union 2.8 trillion - 1.5 billion people
Visualizing America’s $29 Trillion Economy by State
Wealth creation is booming as multimillionaire population jumps 5.2% in the U.S. The number of multimillionaires worldwide jumped 4.4% in 2024, while the share of wealthy Americans with more than $10 million grew by 5.2%. U.S. household wealth rose last quarter to $163.8 trillion, a fresh record, driven by gains in real estate values as well as a rise in the stock market.
As of 2025, there are over 1,565 unicorns globally, spanning around 53 countries and 291 cities. This marks a notable increase from previous years, with the number rising significantly since 2019, when there were only 494. The U.S. remains a leader, hosting over half of the world’s unicorns (760) and claiming more than 61% of the total valuation for new U.S. unicorns at nearly $25 billion. The top five US unicorns by value are OpenAI ($157B), SpaceX ($125B), Stripe ($65B), Databricks ($43B), and Juul ($38B).
Top 25 Stock Exchanges
1 NYSE 🇺🇸 U.S. $25.0T
2 Nasdaq 🇺🇸 U.S. $21.7T
3 Euronext 🇳🇱 Netherlands $7.2T
4 Shanghai Stock Exchange 🇨🇳 China $6.7T
5 Japan Exchange Group 🇯🇵 Japan $5.9T
6 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 🇨🇳 China $4.5T
7 Hong Kong Exchanges 🇭🇰 Hong Kong $4.2T
8 National Stock Exchange of India 🇮🇳 India $3.5T
9 LSE Group 🇬🇧 UK $3.4T
10 Saudi Exchange 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia $3.1T
What's the number one way Americans are becoming millionaires? Most people who become millionaires in the U.S. reach this milestone in a very simple way: by making automatic contributions to a retirement account from every single paycheck over many years.
Financial technologies: new technology that seeks to improve and automate the delivery and use of financial services: coins, cash, check, debit card, credit card, bar code reader, receipts printer, digital receipts, credit card reader, computer, smartphone, online banking, online shopping, online brokerage, self service kiosk, coinstar, gift cards, mobile applications: Payment apps like PayPal, Venmo, Block (Square), Zelle, and Cash App, digital wallet: Apple Pay, Google Pay, cryptocurrency, blockchain, 401k, IRA, stock market, bond market, international market.
This basic stock-market truth shows why index funds are so hard to beat. Dow history shows that the odds favor bullish investors — regardless of market conditions. In 87 of those years, the Dow rose over the second half of the year — or 68% of the time. The average US fund made a total return of 200.5% over the period whilst the S&P 500 flew ahead at 327.8%. Only 20 active funds succeed in beating the SP500 over the past decade.
Charles Schwab client assets hit $10.31 trillion
Texas Stock Exchange files to operate nationally, eyes trading in early 2026. The Texas Stock Exchange (TXSE) is eyeing a 2026 launch after submitting paperwork to operate as a national securities exchange.
Trump says he will create new agency to collect revenue from foreign sources. External Revenue Service "to collect tariffs, duties, and all revenue" from foreign sources. The conservative-leaning Tax Foundation estimates, opens new tab that a 20% universal tariff on all imports into the U.S. would generate $4.5 trillion over 10 years before negative economic effects that would cut net collection to $3.3 trillion over a decade. This compares to IRS tax collection of $16 trillion to $18 trillion every year. Trump has proposed a 10% tariff on global imports, a 25% punitive duty on imports from Canada and Mexico until they clamp down on drugs and migrants crossing borders into the U.S. and a 60% tariff on Chinese goods. There, tariffs would be closer to a sales tax that takes money from American consumers to reduce the federal budget deficit. Trump also has pledged to pay down U.S. debt with tariff revenues. On Tuesday, he promised to create an "External Revenue Service" to collect tariffs, duties and all revenue from foreign sources.
Harvard makes tuition free for all students from families making $200K or less per year in 2025.
MIT makes tuition free for all students from families making $200K or less per year in 2024.
Princeton makes tuition free for all students from families making $100K or less per year in 2023.
Stanford announced plans to offer free tuition to families making under $100,000 a year in the 2023 academic year.
Yale University offers tuition-free education to families with incomes below $75,000 and covers 100% of demonstrated financial need for all admitted students, regardless of citizenship or immigration status in 2024-2025 academic year.
Thanks to a $1 billion gift from Michael Bloomberg, Johns Hopkins University will offer free tuition to most medical students starting in the fall of 2024, covering tuition for those from families earning under $300,000 and covering living expenses and fees for those earning under $175,000.
PsiQuantum says it is making millions of quantum computing chips. The company spent ensuing years working closely with chip factories to engineer its chipset, called Omega quantum chips, which is now ready for production. The Omega chipset integrates single-photon qubits with telecom-grade silicon photonics, overcoming key scalability challenges and achieving high-fidelity quantum interconnects, essential for million-qubit systems. PsiQuantum’s latest measurements include 99.98% single-qubit state preparation and measurement fidelity, 99.5% two-photon quantum interference visibility, and 99.72% chip-to-chip quantum interconnect fidelity. PsiQuantum plans to build world's largest quantum computer by 2027.
Xanadu Aurora photonic quantum computer.
Dwave advantage. The Advantage system is the world’s largest annealing quantum computer with more than 5,000 qubits and 15-way connectivity capable of addressing computationally complex problems today. The Advantage system is the only quantum computer built for business and research.
Researchers at D-Wave performed simulations of programmable spin glasses – a magnetic materials problem known to be computationally hard. Our achievement shows, without question, that D-Wave’s annealing quantum computers are now capable of solving useful problems beyond the reach of the world’s most powerful supercomputers.
Microsoft Creates Chip It Says Shows Quantum Computers Are ‘Years, Not Decades’ Away. Microsoft said the Majorana 1 chip it has developed is less prone to those errors than rivals. Microsoft's Majorana 1 has been in the works for nearly two decades and relies on a subatomic particle called the Majorana fermion whose existence was first theorized in the 1930s. That particle has properties that make it less prone to the errors that plague quantum computers, but it has been hard for physicists to find and control. Microsoft said it created the Majorana 1 chip with indium arsenide and aluminum. The device uses a superconducting nanowire to observe the particles and can be controlled with standard computing equipment. Microsoft's new topological architecture was used to develop its Majorana 1 processor, offering what the company called in its press release "a clear path to fit a million qubits on a single chip that can fit in the palm of one's hand."
All-Optical Computer Unveiled With 100 GHz Clock Speed. The device paves the way for a new era of ultrafast computing, say researchers. The all-optical computer realizes linear operations, nonlinear functions, and memory entirely in the optical domain with > 100 GHz clock rates,” they say. Their work paves the way for a new era of ultrafast computing with applications in fields ranging from signal processing to pattern recognition and beyond.
https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/all-optical-computer-unveiled-with-100-ghz-clock-speed#
Engineers have demonstrated a new communications system designed to protect telecommunications against quantum computing attacks. The QS7001 system combines two quantum-resistant encryption protocols developed by NIST (Dilithium and Kyber) with a reduction in data transmission time — thereby closing the possible window of opportunity for attacks. Quantum-resistant protocols are new encryption techniques that have proved resistant to quantum computing attacks — in that quantum computers are unable to solve the cryptographic key to the encryption and access the information.
Nvidia (NVDA) and Broadcom are running manufacturing tests with Intel‘s 18A process. The two tests, which have not been reported previously, indicate the companies are moving closer to determining whether they will commit hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of manufacturing contracts to Intel. The decision to do so could generate a revenue windfall and endorsement for Intel's contract manufacturing business that has been beset by delays and has not yet announced a prominent chip designer customer.
Intel is set to mass produce compute chiplets for its upcoming codenamed Panther Lake processors on 18A technology later this year. Eventually, Intel's 18A production node will be used to make Intel's Xeon 7 codenamed Clearwater Forest processor for datacenters.
Intel pins a lot of hope on the upcoming 18A fabrication process. The manufacturing technology relies on gate-all-around RibbonFET transistors that promise to increase performance and cut down power consumption.
It also features backside power delivery, which is meant to ensure steady power delivery to power-hungry processors and increase transistor density by decoupling signal and power wires within a chip.
Trump announces $100 billion investment in U.S. from TSMC, calls it 'most powerful company' in world. The new capital brings TSMC's total investment in the U.S. to $165 billion and will go toward building five new fabrication facilities in Arizona.
Massive $500 billion Stargate project. Trump was joined by Oracle founder Larry Ellison, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, and SoftBank CEO Masayoshi Son, who said the investment would start with $100 billion, plus a goal of $500 billion over the course of four years. Son said Abu Dhabi-based investment partner MGX would be involved, along with tech juggernauts Nvidia and Microsoft.
Google Gemini Robotics brings Gemini’s capacity for multimodal reasoning and world understanding into the physical world - allowing robots of any shape and size to perform a wide range of real-world tasks. We’re partnering with Apptronik to build the next generation of humanoid robots. Apptronik has partnered with NASA and Nvidia as it works on iterations of robots that rival those of Elon Musk's Tesla Optimus. The company has developed 15 robotic systems, including NASA's humanoid robot Valkyrie.
US firm California-based Figure unveils BotQ factory where humanoids will build robots, deliver 12,000 units a year.
Figure humanoid robot Helix.
Lithium titanate battery or nickel hydrogen battery could last decades.
Super Bowl result — Eagles 40, Chiefs 22
## Health Advances
DNA: AI enables rapid DNA sequencing in hours, compared to weeks with traditional methods. PacBio Uses NVIDIA Tensor Core GPUs in its Revio system, which is designed to sequence human genomes at scale.
RNA: NuFold, which will model 3D RNA structures that could expedite medical discovery decades ahead of schedule.
Proteins: AlphaFold has discovered 200 million proteins through protein folding.
Digital Biology - Nvidia Evo2
Digital Chemistry - Chemcrow
Drug Discovery - Nvidia BioNemo, Isomorphic Labs are using AI to design novel drug candidates more efficiently.
Human Cell Atlas: Scientists take huge step forward in mapping all 37 trillion cells in the human body. Scientists with the Human Cell Atlas (HCA), an international research consortium, have profiled 100 million cells from more than 10,000 people around the world. By 2026, the team plans to unveil an atlas of the whole human body that details the location, identity and function of each cell at different stages of life.
Multiomics, multi-omics, integrative omics, "panomics" or "pan-omics" is a biological analysis approach in which the data sets are multiple "omes", such as the genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, and microbiome (i.e., a meta-genome and/or meta-transcriptome, depending upon how it is sequenced); in other words, the use of multiple omics technologies to study life in a concerted way. By combining these "omes", scientists can analyze complex biological big data to find novel associations between biological entities, pinpoint relevant biomarkers and build elaborate markers of disease and physiology. It aids in understanding disease pathology, drug target identification, biomarker discovery, and personalized medicine. This approach is transforming biology and medicine by enabling a more detailed exploration of complex processes.
Mark Cuban's Cost Plus Marketplace Now Sells Over 6,000 Medicines, Saving Customers Between 40-60% By Cutting Out The Middle Man. February 2024, initially offering over 4,000 medicines. It offered medications that primarily were in short supply in order to directly serve healthcare facilities. Since its debut, the Marketplace has grown to offer more than 6,000 drugs, benefiting thousands of hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, and other medical facilities across all 50 states.
Kroger is working with Mark Cuban's Cost Plus Drugs to offer some prescriptions at its pharmacies. Cost Plus customers can now pick up their drugs at one of 2,000 Kroger pharmacies.
PEDOT, short for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Usually used as a protective film for electronic components and photographic films to prevent static electricity, PEDOT is also found in touch screens and smart windows. UCLA chemists found a way to control the morphology of PEDOT and precisely grow nanofibers. solve both problems: They're exceptionally conductive and greatly increase the surface area of the PEDOT material, giving them the potential for supercapacitor applications. Scientists accidentally discover powerful energy storage material: 'Exceptional performance and durability', that some plastics can also conduct electricity. The new PEDOT material's conductivity is 100 times higher than commercial PEDOT products, and the nanofibers' electrochemically active surface area is four times greater than that of traditional PEDOT material.
Transparent aluminum. Aluminum oxynitride is a crystalline substance made of aluminate powder alloys that have been highly compressed and heated to extreme temperatures. The ceramic is then cooled, polished, and shaped into its desired form. Some of the applications of transparent aluminum include the following: Various defense applications like Recce sensor windows, transparent armor, windows for laser communications and specialty IR domes with different shapes that include hemispherical and hyper-hemispherical domes. Aluminum armor can deflect all the same rounds from small-caliber weapons as traditional bulletproof glass.
Terahertz wireless could make spaceborne satellite links as fast as fiber-optic links.
Starlink V3 satellites are a new generation of satellites designed to increase the capacity and performance of the Starlink network. They will be deployed on SpaceX's Starship rocket. Each V3 satellite will have 1 Tbps of downlink capacity and 160 Gbps of uplink capacity
The Aerospace & Defense industry has a total of 74 stocks, with a combined market cap of $1.2 trillion, total revenue of $485.01 billion and a weighted average PE ratio of 67.61. As of early 2025, Elon Musk's SpaceX is valued at $350 billion, a significant increase from its previous valuation of $210 billion, following a secondary share sale.
ISS - International Space Station - 150B
SpaceX - Starlink Satellites - 350B
Blue Origin - Kupier Satellites
AST SpaceMobile - Blue Walker Satellites
Relativity Space - Terran R Rocket
1 GE General Electric Company 209.29B
2 RTX RTX Corporation 170.84B
3 BA The Boeing Company 119.48B
4 LMT Lockheed Martin Corporation 108.63B
5 TDG TransDigm Group Incorporated 74.33B
6 GD General Dynamics Corporation 70.19B
7 NOC Northrop Grumman Corporation 68.77B
RocketLab - Neutron Rocket
Virgin Galactic
Interlune - Helium 3
AstroForge - Asteroid Mining
Psyche Mission - Psyche 16
Space Missions - Artemis Moon, Mars
To infinity and beyond - Space boom
NASA plans to build a Moon base using 3D printing and robots. The moon's lower gravity and proximity to Earth make it an ideal testing ground for advanced life support systems, autonomous robotics, and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies. Moreover, a permanent lunar base could act as a launch hub for deep space missions, which would reduce the need for costly, Earth-based launches.
Private lunar lander Blue Ghost aces moon touchdown with a special delivery for NASA. Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost lander descended from lunar orbit on autopilot, aiming for the slopes of an ancient volcanic dome in an impact basin on the moon’s northeastern edge of the near side.
Intuitive Machines set to embark on second moon landing mission. Nokia launches first mobile phone network on the Moon.
A classic Irish blessing, often shared on St. Patrick's Day, is "May the road rise up to meet you, may the wind be always at your back, may the sun shine warm upon your face, and rains fall soft upon your fields. And until we meet again, may God hold you in the palm of His hand.”
Visualizing the Religious Landscape of the U.S.
62% of U.S. adults identify as Christian, with Evangelical Protestants (23%) and Catholics (19%) as the largest groups. In the early '90s, about 90% of people in the U.S. identified as Christians. Despite its dominance, the share of Christians has decreased from 78% in 2007 to 62% in 2024. Christianity has the largest following with approximately 31% of the global population. Christianity, the world's largest religion with over 2.38 billion followers, comprises roughly 31.2% of the global population, with the United States having the largest Christian population. In 1900 nearly 95% of Europe's population professed some form of Christianity; in 2020 the continent is 76% Christian. Latin America, since the continent was 94% Christian in 1970 and 92% in 2020. The fastest-growing areas for Christianity are in the global south, particularly Asia and Africa. Asia is home to more than 415 million Christians and growing at a rate of 2.11%. Meanwhile, 734 million Christians live in Africa, where the faith is growing at a 2.64% rate. In the United States, giving to Christian causes is expected to top $1.3 trillion in 2024. In 1900, $8 billion was given, $70 billion in 1970, $320 billion in 2000, and $1 trillion in 2020. More people have Scripture in their language. In 1900, only 227 languages had New Testament translations. That number is projected to reach 2,400 this year. Countries that Celebrate Christmas 2024. Today, more than 2.5 billion people in over 160 countries consider Christmas to be one of the most important dates in the calendar.
The growth of global Christianity requires that we embrace new wineskins: Africa, Asia, Latin America. Be a Church united in Christ, diverse in Spirit, and continually attentive to the particular ways God moves among us.
These Bibles Are Flying Off Shelves and Inspiring Millions. “The Action Bible,” first released in 2010, continues to dominate Amazon bookselling charts, remaining in the top 100 among all books, selling more than three million copies in the United States.
Wycliffe Associates to Use Elon Musk's Starlink to Spread the Gospel in Remote Parts of the World. They will use Elon Musk's Starlink technology to help national Bible translators in isolated regions gain access to the internet.
EU leaders rally to ‘re-arm Europe’ with $860 billion defense plan as U.S. announces new talks with Kyiv. We are moving decisively towards a strong and more sovereign Europe of defense.
European firms call for sovereign fund and higher Europe tech autonomy. "Building strategic autonomy in key sectors is now a recognised urgent imperative across Europe," the letter from Airbus, Dassault Systemes and others said. "Europe needs to recover the initiative, and become more technologically independent across all layers of its critical digital infrastructure: from logical Infrastructure — applications, platforms, media, AI frameworks and models — to physical Infrastructure — chips, computing, storage and connectivity," the letter added.