Health History - Timeline of Discovery
Timeline - Description
400 BC - Disease Theory - Hippocrates
1250 - Magnifying glass - China
1285 - Eye glasses - Alessandro de Spina
1538 - Optic nerve - Constanzo Varolio
1540 - Artificial limbs - Ambroise Pare
1545 - Basic surgical principles - Surgery
1590 - Compound Microscope - Zacharias Jannsen
1611 - Double convex microscope - Johannes Kepler
1612, 1616 - Thermometer - Santorio Santorio, Function of heaert and complete cirulation of blood
1650 - Lymph glands - Olof Rudbeck
1658 - Red blood cells - Jan Swammerdam
1666 - Quinine - Vaccine
1667 - Blood transfusion - Jean Baptiste Denis, France
1683 - Bacteria, Spermatzoa - Anto van Leeuwenhoek
1695 - Epsom salt - Nehemiah Grew
1736 - Scarlet fever - William Douglass
1740 - Curare (drug) - Charles Marie de lacondamine
1747 - Scurvy Cure - James Lind
1780 - Artificial insemination - Lazzaro Spallanzani
1784 - Bifocal lenses - Benjamin Franklin
1785 - Digitalis - Vaccine
1796 - Smallpox vaccine - Edward Jenner
1799 - Smallpox vaccine
1805 - Morphine - Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner
1810 - Homeopathy - Samuel Hahnemann
1816 - Stethoscope - Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec
1817 - Parkinson's disease - James Parkinson
1817 - Dental plate - Anthony Plantson
1819 - Dental amalgam - Charles Bell
1820 - Diphteria - Pierre Fidele Bretonneau
1825 - Binocular telescope - J.P Lemiere
1828 - Stethoscope with earpiece - Pierre Adolphe Poirry
1834 - Nervous reflex - Marshall Hall
1837 - Braille reading system - Louis Braille
1842 - Ether anesthesia, General anesthesia - Crawford Williamson Long
1843 - Puerperal fever
1844 - Nitrous oxide anesthesia - Horace Wells and Gardner Q. Colton
1846 - Use of anesthesia in surgery - William Morton
1847 - Chloroform anes - Jacob Bell and James Young Simpson
1850 - Germ Theory
1853 - Hypodermic syringe - Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood
1855 - Spinal anestesia - J.L Corning
1861 - Speech center of brain - Pierre Paul Broca
1865 - Genetics - Gregor Johann Mendel
1867 - Formaldehyde - August Wilhelm von Hofmann
1867 - Antiseptic practices in hospitals - Joseph Lister
1870 - Antiseptic surgery - Surgery
1877 - Liquid oxygen - Louis Paul Cailletet and Raoul Pictet
1880 - Hearing aid - R. G Rhodes
1882 - Tuberculosis and cholera germs - Robert Koch
1884 - Local anesthesia - K Koller
1886 - Appendicitis
1887 - Electro cardiogram - Augustus Desire Walker
1887 - Contact lenses - Eugen A. Frick
1890 - Insect-borne disease transmission; scurvy; heat-killed vaccines
1891 - Diptheria antitoxin - Emil Adolf van Behring and Shibasaburo Kitsato
1892 - Cholera vaccine - Waldemar Mordecai Wolff Haffkine
1895 - X rays - Wilhelm Konrad von Roetgen
1897 - Cause of malaria (mosquito) - Ronald Ross
1897 - Digestion physiology - Ivan Petrovic Pavlov
1898 - Vitamin deficiency diseases - Christian Eijkman
1899 - Aspirin
1901 - Blood groups - Karl Landsteiner
1902 - Hormones - William Maddock Bayliss and Ernest H. Starling
1906 - ECG
1909 - IUD (intrauterine device) - R. Richter
1909 - Typhus fever body louse - Charles Jules Henri Nicolle
1910 - Tumor virus - Rancis Peyton Rous
1910 - Gene theory of heredity - Thomas Morgan
1911 - Salvarsan
1912 - Diffraction of X-rays - Max Theodor Felix von Laue
1912 - Thiamine (vitamin B1) - Casimir Funk
1913 - Vitamin A - Thomas Osborne, L. Mendel, Elmer, M. Davis
1914 - Electrocardiograph
1918 - Vitamin D - Edward Mellanby
1921 - Insulin - Frederick Banting and Charles Best
1922 - Insulin - Founding of Joslin Diabetes Center.
1922 - Vitamin E - Herbet Evans
1923 - Heart valve surgery
1925 - Three-flanged nail
1927 - Iron Lung - Philip Drinker and Louis Shaw
1927 - Sex hormones - Bernhard Zondek and Selmar Ascheim
1927 - syphilis test
1928 - Vitamin C - Albert von Nagyrapolt
1929 - Electron microscope - Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska
1929 - Brain wave electroencephalograph - Hans Berger
1929 - First polio patient saved
1930 - Overactive thyroid; rickets; osteoporosis
1931 - Blood bank - Sergei Sergeivitch
1932 - TEM, Defibrillator - William Bennet Kouwenhoven
1933 - Riboflavin (vitamin B2), Patnothenic acid - Richard Kuhn, Roger Williams
1933 - Intracellular fluid and electrolytes
1934 - Vitamin K, Vitamin B6 - Carl Peter Henrik Dam and Edward Doisy
1935 - Electronic hearing aid - Edwin Steven
1935 - Sulfonamides
1937 - Niacin - Conrad Elvehjem
1938 - A cardiac Catherization
1938 - Folic acid - P.L Day
1938 - Corrective heart surgery for children
1942 - Vitamin H (biotin) - Vicent du Vigneaud
1942 - Burn treatment; blood bank; emergency-response plans
1945 - Artificial kidney, Kidney dialysis machine - Willem Kolff
1945 - Pap smear
1946 - Rh disease
1947 - Coenzyme A - Fritz Lipman
1947 - Vitamin B12 for anemia - Karl A Folkers
1947 - Artificial kidney; pediatric remission of acute
1948 - Stenotic mitral heart valves
1949 - Vaccine culture technique; cortisone; White classification
1950 - Chlorpromaine (tranquilizer) - Paul Charpentier
1950 - Wilms tumor
1951 - Oral contraceptive pill - Gregory Pincus, Min Chang, John Rock, and Carl Djerassi
1951 - Coronary artery bypass
1951 - Brain proteolipids
1952 - Artificial heart valve - Charles Hufnagel
1952 - Kidney transplant
1953 - DNA - Francis Crick and James Watson
1954 - Oral contraceptives
1955 - RNA - Severo Ochoa
1955 - Polio vaccine - Jonas Salk
1955 - Ultra sound - Leskell
1955 - Kidney transplant
1956 - Amniocentesis - St. Mary's Hospital
1956 - Human growth hormone - Choh Hao Li
1956 - Plastic contact lens - Norman Bier
1957 - Polio vaccine (live) - Albert Sabin
1957 - Fiber optic Endoscopy
1957 - Artificial heart pacemaker - Clarence Lillehie
1957 -Brain structures
1959 - Librium
1960 - Primary healthcare physicians revisited - Platelets; proton beam therapy; implantable cardiac pacemaker
1962 - Nethalide
1962 - Human limb reattachment; heart rhythm restoration
1964 - Laser eye surgery - H Vernon Ingram
1964 - Human blood storage
1965 - Rubella vaccine - Pal Parkman and Harry Meyer
1965 - Pan-retinal coagulation
1967 - Heart transplant
1968 - Hemoglobin molecule structure - Max Perutz
1968 - Telemedicine
1969 - Anti body chemical and molecular structure - Rodney Porter
1969 -Intra-aortic balloon catheter
1970 - Human oncogene; positron emission tomography (PET) scan
1972 - Artificial hip - John Charnley
1972 - Enkephalin (brain chemical) - John Hughes
1973 - CT Scanner - Allan Cormack and Godfrey N Hounsfield
1973 - Rocombinant DNA - Paul Berg
1973 - Noninvasive fetal heart monitoring
1974 - Photo-chemotherapy
1975 - Monoclonal antibodies - Cesar Milstein
1976 - Coronary angioplasty
1976 - Insulin resistance receptors
1977 - Virus particle structure
1978 - Human insulin - Genetech
1978 - Test tube baby - Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards
1978 - Prenatal DNA sequencing
1979 - Single cell protein process - ICI Agriculture
1979 - Shock wave lithotripsy
1979 - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
1980 - HIV/AIDS
1981 - MRI Scanner - Thorn EMI Research
1981 - AIDS - CDC
1981 - Hep B immunization (HBV)
1981 - Artificial skin; premature puberty reversal
1982 - Cancer genes - Robert Weinberg and Mario Barbacid
1982 - Artificial heart -Robert Jarvik
1983 - Congenital birthmark treatment; Huntington's
1984 - Gene cloning - NIH
1984 - Isolation of AIDs - Robert Gallo
1984 - Human insulin
1984 - Oncomouse; skin replacement; TIMI
1985 - Blood clotting - Genetech
1985 - PET Scanner - Michael Phelps
1985 - Anxiety chemical - Alessandro Guidotti and Erminion Costa
1985 - Cloned leprosy gene vaccine - Ron Davis
1985 - PTM Microscope - Jame van House and Arthur Rich
1985 - Kawasaki disease retrovirus; Alzheimer's disease
1986 - DNA fingerprinting - Alec Jeffreys
1986 - Synthetic skin - G Gallico
1986 - Ziduvudine
1987 - Alzheimer's disease gene - NIH
1987 - Fetal tissue transplant
1987 - Early-onset Alzheimer's gene; Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene
1988 - Laser tattoo removal
1989 - Foreign gene into human - NIH
1989 - Tumor blood vessel growth compound
1990 - Proteasome-inhibiting cancer therapy
1991 - X-ray of human brain recalling a word - Dr. Marcus Raichle
1991 - IntronA - Hep B Medication
1992 - Diphtheria toxin structure; amyloid beta
1993 - Neovascular macular degeneration; microRNAs; paralyzed vocal cord surgical method; colon cancer gene; VEGF molecule
1994 - PR-39 molecule - Amino Acid Sequence of PR-39. Isolation From Pig Intestine of a New Member of the Family of Proline-Arginine-Rich Antibacterial Peptides. The continued investigation of these antibacterial peptides has now yielded another antibacterial peptide with high activity against both E. coli and Bacillus megaterium. Amino acid analysis showed a very high content of proline (49 mol%) and arginine (26 mol%), an intermediate level of phenylalanine and low levels of leucine, tyrosine, isoleucine, and glycine.
1995 - Triple-organ transplant; kidney disease blood glucose levels
1996 - Alzheimer's treatments; immune system advances
1997 - p73 gene; asprin
1998 - Epivir HBV, Zeffrx, Hep B Medication
1998 - Adult live-donor liver transplant
1999 - Fluorescent molecular probes
2000 - Human genome 23,000 genes
2001 - Circadian clock
2002 - Hepsera - Hep B Medication
2002 - Rheumatoid arthritis pathway; C- reactive
2003 - Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment; source of preeclampsia
2004 - Blood stem cells; protein transfer
2005 - Pegasys - Hep B Medication
2005 - Baraclude- Hep B Medication
2005 - Prenatal nutrition; herpes vaccine candidate
2006 - Tyzeka, Sebiro - Hep B Medication
2006 - Cholesterol mechanism; DNA sequencing techniques
2007 - Cellular switch; rheumatoid arthritis gene; brown-fat cell switch
2008 - Viread - Hep B Medication
2008 - RIPKI inhibitors; metastatic melanoma
2009 - LIN28 protien; RNA interference; cancer cells' starvation; brown fat
2010 - Enhancer transcription
2010 - Affordable Care Act
2011 - Kidney failure markers; cancer cell vulnerability; global health care budget models
2011 - PacBio DNA sequencing
2012 - Tumor suppressor gene p53; ancient migration; infectious disease diagnostics
2013 - Cardiac hypertrophy reversal; cathepsin k pathways
2014 - Hematopoietic stem cells; pancreatic stem cells
2015 - Bioartificial replacement limb; PD-1 pathway; The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery; pseudogene; damaged protein disposal; multiple sclerosis; somatic mutations; deafness gene therapies
2016 - Sigma-1 receptor structure; Zika vaccine candidate; circadian rhythm- bipolar disorder link; microbiome
2016 - The 21st Century Cures Act, is a federal law aimed at accelerating medical product development, fostering innovation, and enhancing patient access to electronic health information (EHI).
2017 - Rheumatoid arthritis; precision treatments
2017 - Luxturna, gene therapy for blindness
2018 - Widespread Adoption of ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS
2019 - COVID 19 - Discovery, diagnostic testing
2019 - Trikafta was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 21, 2019, for the treatment of cystic fibrosis
2020 - COVID 19 - Remedesvir, hydroxychloroquine, Favipiravir
2021 - Civica Rx announced its plans to build an essential medicines manufacturing facility in Virginia.
2021 - The FDA granted accelerated approval to dostarlimab-gxly (Jemperli) on April 22, 2021, for treating mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer.
2021 - Wegovy (semaglutide) in 2021
2022 - Cost Plus Drugs’ 22,000-square-foot pharmaceutical facility in Dallas’s Deep Ellum neighborhood originally had been slated for completion
2022 - Nvidia BioNemo
2023 - Chemcrow chemistry llm
2023 - NuFold, an AI-powered tool for predicting 3D RNA structures
2023 - Narcan approved
2023 - Zepbound (tirzepatide) in 2023
2023 - Histotripsy is a new technology that was approved in 2023by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of liver tumors using ultrasound
2024 - Recursion automated AI-discovered drug lab. BioHive-2, the largest and fastest supercomputer ever to be used in the biopharmaceutical industry. 200 “AI-first” biotechs
2024 - Groundbreaking gene therapy trials, including DB-OTO, successfully restored hearing in children with OTOF-related deafness (DFNB9). The therapy uses a harmless virus (AAV) to deliver a functional OTOF gene, enabling inner hair cells to transmit signals to the cochlear nerve.
2024 - AlphaFold receives Nobel prize
2024 - The FDA approved neffy, the first epinephrine nasal spray
2025 - Japan will begin the world's first clinical trials for artificial blood by March 2025, led by Nara Medical University
2025 - Journavx first-in-class, non-opioid, oral medication designed for treating moderate-to-severe acute pain in adults, acting as a selective pain signal inhibitor.
2026 - First oral GLP-1 pill for weight loss was launched in January 2026
2026 - Most Favored Nation (MFN) drug pricing is designed to lower U.S. prescription drug costs to match the lowest prices paid in other developed nations.
2026 - New gene-editing tool the CRISPR variant, ThermoCas9 allows scientists to cut out cancerous DNA without harming healthy cells.
2026 - Claude Science and Google Coscientist
2026 - Over 600 New Cancer Models Unveiled After 10-Year Project With Help From 2,800 Patients – And They're Publicly Available Too. Scientists have nearly doubled the number of cancer models available for future research. All these models generated through the Human Cancer Models Initiative (HCMI) have been stored at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
Bibliography
New York Public Library Desk Reference
Hepatitis B Initiative
Coronavirus Articles